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2019年6月英语四级翻译：汉语热
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
汉语热已经成为全球语言交际系统中的一种普遍现象。据统计，目前全世界94个国家和地区开设了300多所孔子学院和300多个孔子课堂。全球学习汉语的人数已超过4000万人。事实上，目前海外正在掀起的汉语热，一方面是由于中国经济迅速发展带来的民族自信心的上升，另一方面也是全球化形势下跨文化交流需求与日俱增的效应所致。
参考译文：
Mandarin fever has become a common sense in the global language communication system. According to the statistics, currently more than 300 confucius institutes and confucius classrooms have been established in the world's 94 countries and regions, and the number of the people learning Mandarin has been over 40 million. Actually, currently overseas is stirring up the study of Chinese language, which can be attributed to the upgrade of national confidence brought by rapid development of Chinese economy as well as the increasing requirements of cross-cultural communication under the situation of the globalization.
2019年6月英语四级翻译：电子书
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
电子书(e-book)通常指数字化出版物，它可以包含文字、图片、声音、影像或几者兼有。现在人们经常使用智能手机(smartphone)、平板电脑(tablet)或者专门为电子书制造的电子阅读器来阅读电子书。电子书内容丰富，便于存储，而且价格低廉，有助于阅读的普及。从传统意义上讲，电子书是纸质书的电子化，但现在许多电子书并没有纸质的对应物。电子书以数字形式存储，因此人们随时都可以阅读。2012年，美国电子书的销量首次超过精装书(hardcover book)。
参考译文：
E-books generally refer to digitized publications. They can include words, pictures, sounds, images, or a combination of two or more. Now people often read e-books with smartphones, tablets, or e-books readers that are specially made for e-books. E-books have colorful contents and are convenient to store. Their prices are cheap and they are conductive to the popularity of reading. E-books are traditionally believed as an electronic version of the printed books. but now many e-books exist without any printed equivalent. E-books are stored digitally, so they can be read at any time. In 2012,e-books sales in the United States surpassed hardcover book sales for the first time.
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