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高考英语语法:高中英语语法-巧解完形填空有新招之一

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2011-05-21 13:00

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《高中英语语法-巧解完形填空有新招之一》由留学英语组编辑整理(www.liuxue86.com)。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。

巧解完形填空有新招之一

完形填空是高考每年必考题型且难度较大、分值较高,如何快速准确地做好完形填空题是每个考生都很关注的问题,笔者根据多年来的教学经验,觉得有以下几点需要考生们特别留意:

在复习阶段:首先要熟练地掌握学过的全部语法知识, 牢记习惯用法, 特别是动词短语;注意对动词、名词、形容词、副词等词汇意义的真正理解,要懂得词汇的内含、外延、褒贬及一定的修辞色彩;注意它们的同义词、近义词、反义词及其辨析;其次要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习,多阅读一些短文,增强英文阅读能力, 提高理解能力。

在应考阶段:拿到试题后, 不要急于动手去做, 必须从语法、习惯用法,内容和常识等多方面综合考虑选项;既要理解文章材料所叙述的表层内容信息, 又要理解文章材料中的连贯意义、引申意义等深层意义。那么, 究竟怎样做才能取得令人满意的结果呢?

一般来说,做题时应按以下几步进行:

一、 抓首尾句,打开通道

由于完形填空短文一般不给标题, 这就使得考生一时把握不了文章的主题和大意。而短文首句及尾句一般不挖空,这就给考生提供了抓住开篇启示和概括总结全文大意的机会。因此,考生必须认真理解短文第一句和结尾句。一般来说,文章的首句往往是观察全文的“窗口”,我们可以从中得到启示, 了解文章的时代背景和概要,甚至有的文章的第一句话就是主题句, 因此要特别注意理解第一句话, 而掌握了首句往往就为抓住全文大意打开了通道。尾句常常是文章的总结,结论,或点睛之笔,掌握好尾句也有利于掌握全文大意。

二、速读全文,了解大意

快速通读全文,掌握短文大意。借助首、尾句给予的启示, 快速地把短文从头至尾通读一至二遍,要跳过空格, 不陷在一空一格里, 着重从全局了解大意,这是逐空填词的重要依据和基础。如果一开始就忙于见一个空就填一个空, 将无法从整体上把握全文概要, 造成顾此失彼的错误, 甚至影响做题速度。

三、 综合考虑,逐项填空

经过粗读全文,对文章有了整体印象。在这个基础上, 就可以根据主题,结合上下文所提供语境,加上自己的常识和分析,进行合乎逻辑的推理,顺理成章的填空。随着理解的逐步深入,答案会自然地从脑海里涌出来, 与选项里的某项吻合而得到验证。有的答案的确不容易做出, 这时应注意文章的前后呼应和对比。有的题目好像几个选项都可以,其实正确的答案上下文已有暗示或明示;特别是有的答案暗含在下文,或直接或间接,只要耐心看下去,根据内容即能做出正确答案。在整个做题过程中一定要牢记文章的中心思想,把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解,文章最前面的空格提出的问题很有可能要到文章的结尾才能找到答案。

四、上下连贯,合乎逻辑

这是从句子结构来考虑的。例如:一个空白在两个句子之间, 就要根据上下文的语境和上下文的关系,选用并列连词and,but, or, however, therefore,while, for 等连接两个并列句;或用who, which, that, whose, whom, when, where, why 等关系代词和关系副词连接定语从句,或用 whoever, whatever,what, who, when, where, how,why,if, whether,that 等连接词连接名词性从句,或用when, where, because, unless, though, even if, so that 等从属连词连接各种状语从句。如果我们能根据它们的基本用法和彼此间的区别,填上所选词后使句子的意思和结构都完整,上下连贯,符合行文逻辑,那么,最佳答案也就显而易见。

五、复读全文,调整答案

全部答案选定后,文章完整了,应再从头至尾读一遍。根据复读的语感和对全篇文章的理解,再次将不合题意的答案调整或修改。检查文章是否前后贯通,内容清楚,主题突出。如有些地方意义模糊或矛盾,就应该依据文章中心意思来重新考虑。凡不通之处,必有待推敲的疑点,应从意义、语法、行文逻辑等方面仔细权衡,加以改正。例如:从语法上,检查一下所完成的句子是否主谓一致;时态、语态是否正确;名词、代词的性、格是否一致;动词、名词、形容词与介词或副词等的搭配是否准确无误。对于个别难度较大的空项,可以凭着自己的语感,坚持第一感觉选择的答案。

下面请同学们按照上述方法,试做以下练习题:

My father often works very hard. And he has 1 to see a film. Here I’ll tell you 2 about him.

One afternoon, when he finished his work and 3 go home, he found a film ticket under the 4 on his desk. He thought he 5 to have not much work to do that day and 6 was quite wonderful to pass the 7 at the cinema.

So he came back home and 8 finished his supper. Then he said 9 to us and left.

But to our 10 , he came back about half an hour later, I 11 him what was the matter. He smiled and told us about 12 funny thing that had happened at the cinema.

When my father was sitting in his seat, a 13 came to my father’s and said that the seat was 14 . My father was surprised. He took out the ticket 15 looked at it carefully. It was Row17, 16 . And then he looked at the seat. It was the same. So he asked her 17 her ticket. She took out the ticket at once and the seat shown in it was Row 17, Seat 3.

18 ? What’s the matter with all this? While they were wondering suddenly the woman said, “The 19 of the tickets are different.” So they looked at the ticket more carefully. After a while, my father said, “Oh, 20 , I made a mistake. My ticket is for the film a month ago. Take this seat, please.” With these words, he left the cinema.

1. A. little money B. much money

C. little time D. much time

2. A. a funny story B. a good story

C. an old story D. a strange story

3. A. was to B. was about to

C. had to D. ought

4. A. box B. book

C. glass D. paper

5. A. happened B. liked

C. pretended D. wanted

6. A. it B. this

C. that D. which

7. A. morning B. afternoon

C. day D. evening

8. A. early B. quietly

C. quickly D. suddenly

9. A. hello B. good-bye

C. good evening D. good night

10. A. disappointment B. joy

C. sorrow D. surprise

11. A. asked B. explained

C. told D. wanted

12. A. a B. one

C. some D. the

13. A. man B. woman

C. doctor D. nurse

14. A. hers B. his

C. taken D. wrong

15. A. and B. but

C. or D. so

16. A. Seat1 B. Seat2

C. Seat3 D. Seat4

17. A. it bring B. to get

C. to see D. to show

18. A. Why B. How

C. Whe

《高中英语语法-巧解完形填空有新招之一》由留学英语组编辑整理(www.liuxue86.com)

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