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初中英语语法:初中英语语法中的平行结构

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2011-05-22 07:09

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《初中英语语法中的平行结构》由留学liuxue86.com编辑整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。

什么是平行结构? parallel structure

平行结构指的是相同的语法结构,它要求有同等重要的思想、概念,并列的句子成分要用同类的语法形式来表达,要用并列连词连接。平行结构是一种修辞手法,它可以使句子前后保持平衡和协调,从而增加语言的连贯性。

一、连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构

并列连词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both … and, neither … nor, either … or, not only … but (also), rather than等以及从属连词than可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。

1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致

例1:He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.

例2:Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used in warfare until two hundred years later.

2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致

例1:Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test, but also on how you participate in class.

例2:We often go to the countryside as well as to factories.

例3:I would much rather go to the countryside than stay here.

3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致

例1:Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.

例2:He was engaged in writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.

4.所连接的句子结构必须一致

例1:She is pleased with what you have given and all that you have told him.

例2:The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for them than it did for us.

二、某些特定的固定结构。例如:

(1)有些词后要用平行结构。例如:

prefer sth to sth

prefer doing sth to doing sth

prefer to do sth rather than do sth

1) I prefer rice to noodles.

2)I prefer watching TV to listening to music.

3) He preferred to die rather than surrender.

(2)有些结构中要用平行结构。例如:

would / had rather / sooner do something than do something, would / had as soon do something as do something (宁可……也不……)

1) Liu Hulan said she had rather die than give up.

2) I would as soon stay at home as go.

III 部分强调句

要强调句子的某一部分,可以把句子的结构改变一下,通常有两种表示强调的句式:It is / was … that …结构和What … is / was…结构。

一、It is / was … that … 结构

1.It is / was … that … 结构可以用来强调句子中几乎任何部分

例1:It was my mother that threw an egg at Mr. Li yesterday.

例2:It was Mr. Li that my mother threw an egg at yesterday.

2.被强调的部分指人时,可用who枵whom

强调主语时,如果指的是人, 可以不用that而用who来代替。强调宾语时,如果指点的是人,可用whom。例如:

1)It was the dean who walked by.

2)It was Mary whom the old lady missed most.

3被强调部分指物时,要用that

例如:It was an egg that my mother threw at Mr. Li yesterday.

4.被强调部分是状语时,也只能用that,不能用when或where.

例1:It is during his spare time that John has been studying a course in French.

例2:It was in the hall that the mayor held the press conference.

5.不能用It is / was … that 结构强调动词

强调动词常用do,过去式用did。例如:

1) They did study very hard yesterday.

2) He does look forward to making the acquaintance of her.

What … is / was … 结构

二、What … is / was … 结构常用来强调主语或宾语,在这种结构中,is/ was后面是强调的部分。例如:

1)What hurts is my left leg.

2)What I like is her style.

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