中学英语200组积极词汇辨析小结
rather修饰比较级 quite impossible
102. happy, glad
happy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语 a happy girl
103. instead, instead of
instead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of是介词短语，放在句中
He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.
104. too much, much too
too much 后接不可数名词，much too后接形容词 much too heavy
105. be about to, be going to, be to do
be about to表最近的将来，后面不接时间状语，be going to 侧重打算，想法，
be to do侧重意志，计划，安排I'm to meet him.(含双方事先约好的意思)
106. raise, rise
raise及物动词，rise不及物动词 The sun rises in the east.
107. bring, take, carry, fetch
bring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作 fetch a box of chalk
108. spend, take, pay, cost
spend人做主语，花钱，花时间; spend…on sth./in doing sth; take物做主语，花时间;
pay人做主语，花钱，pay for; cost物做主语，花钱
109. join, join in, take part in
join加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；join in参加小型的活动, join sb. in；
take part in 参加大型的活动 He joined the army five years ago.
110. learn, study
learn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究
study the problem
111. want, hope, wish
want打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望（通常可以实现），hope to do/ hope that… wish希望（通常不能实现）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.
112. discover, invent, find out
discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，
find out发现，查明 At last he found out the truth.
113. answer, reply
answer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接 to reply to the letter
114. leave, leave for
leave离开，leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.
115. rob, steal
rob抢劫 rob sb. of sth.，steal偷 steal sth. from sb.
116. shoot, shoot at
shoot射死，shoot at瞄准，但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died.
117. drop, fall
drop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.
118. search, search for
search后接地点，search for后接东西 He searched his pocket for money.
119. used to, be used to
used to过去常常，be used to习惯于，后接sth./doing sth.；被用来，后接 do sth. He is used to getting up early.
120. win, lose, beat
win后接sth.，反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them
121. live on, live by
live on以…为主食，live by靠…谋生 live on fish/ live by fishing
122. beat, hit, strike
beat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或若干下 beat the wings
123. meet, meet with
meet遇到，meet with体验到，遭遇到 meet with an accident
124. lose, miss
lose失去（具体的物体），错过 sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss 想念，错过sth. is missing,
miss the chance
125. be tired of, be tired with/from
be tired of厌烦…，be tired with/from因为…而累了 be tired with/from running 800 meters
126. care about, care for
care about关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for关心，照料，喜欢，愿意
He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies.
127. catch a cold, have a cold
catch a cold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而have a cold可以
She has had a cold for a week.
128. change for, change into
change for调换成，change into变成 Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.
129. continue, last
二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动 The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.
130. feed, raise
feed喂养，养活，饲养 (to give food to)， raise饲养，养育 (cause to grow, bring up children)
raise the family
131. go for a doctor, go to a doctor
go for a doctor去请医生，go to a doctor去看病
132. notice, observe, catch sight of
notice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看，catch sight of突然看到 observe the stars
133. insist on, stick to
insist on坚持要求，后常接doing, stick to坚持, 后常接sth. stick to the plan
134. look, seem, appear
look指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以表面的印象 appear wise,
look like his father
135. gather, collect
gather把分散的东西集中到一起， collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集 collect stamps
136. mean to do, mean doing
mean to do打算，想要做某事，mean doing意思是，意味着
By this I mean giving the students more practice.
137. die from, die of
die from表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die of表示死于疾病，饥饿，
寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素 die of hunger and cold
138. pay for, pay back, pay off
pay for为…付钱，pay back还钱，但不一定还清，pay off还清 pay for the book, pay off the debt
139. divide, separate
divide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开
divide the apple, separate the houses
140. arrive, get, reach
arrive不及物动词，后接in (大地点)，at(小地点)，get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词
arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing
141. grow, plant
grow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物
plant the trees, trees are growing
142. manage, try
manage to do设法做成了某事，try to do尽力去做某事但不一定成功
He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.
143. choose, select
choose凭个人的判断力进行选择，select有目的地仔细认真地选择 choose the best answer
144. build, put up, set up, found
build一般用语，建成，put up临时搭建，set up建成（内部的设施基本齐全），
found国家或组织的建成 put up a tent, set up a school
145. be familiar to, be familiar with
be familiar to某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with某人熟悉某物
The book is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book.
146. agree with, agree to, agree on
agree with同意某人，agree to同意某事，agree on在…上达成一致意见，主语是复数 agree with you, agree to the plan
147. throw to, throw atthrow to扔到…, throw at朝…扔 He throw a stone at me.
148. receive, accept
receive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接受 I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.
149. wear, put on, dress
wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时，dress接人,be dressed in, put on表动作
It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.
150. listen, hearlisten强调动作，hear强调结果 I listened, but I heard nothing.
151. look, see, watch
look看的动作，see看的结果，watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watch TV
152. lie, laylie躺，位于(lay, lain),说谎(lied, lied)，lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book
153. work as, act as
work as工作是…，act as充当某种职务或身份，或扮演某种角色 He works as a teacher.
He acts as an interpreter.
154. move, remove
move动一动，但不一定移走，remove从一处移到另一处 remove the table to the kitchen
155. hurt, injure, wound
hurt感情上受伤，injure事故中受伤，wound战争中受伤 He was wounded in the war.
156. turn, get, grow
turn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get强调变的结果，grow强调过程，逐渐的变化
turn yellow, get tired, grow big
157. close, shut, turn off
close和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体，turn off用于指有开关的物体
Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV.
158. set out, set about, set off
指出发，着手解时，set out 后接 to do，set about 后接doing, set off 后接 for sp.
159. begin, start
begin侧重时间的开始，反义词为end，start侧重由静到动的转折，反义词为stop
Class begins at 7:30a.m.
160. happen, take place
happen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生，take place必然性的发生
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
161. at, in (表地点)at小地点，in大地点 arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai
162. at work, in workat work在工作，在上班，in work 有职业，有工作
Both my parents are at work. They are not at home.
163. increase to, increase by
increase to增长到…，increase by增长了… The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000.
164. at ease, with easeat ease舒适地，安逸地；with ease容易地，无困难地 do it with ease
165. day after day, day by day
day after day日复一日（无变化）；day by day一天天地（有变化）Trees grow taller day by day.
166. like, aslike相似关系，但并不等同，as同一关系，两者实为一体
Don't treat me as a child. (In fact, I'm a child.)
167. after, in (表时间) after接时间点，in接时间段 after 7:00, in five minutes
168. between, among
between两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间, among三者或三者以上之间
Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.
169. after, behind (表位置)
after强调次序的先后，behind强调物体静态位置的前后 There are many trees behind the house.
170. since, for (完成时间状语)
since接点时间或一句话，for接一段时间 for three years, since 3:00
171. on the corner, in the corner, at the corner
on the corner物体表面的角上，in the corner物体内部的角落里，
at the corner物体外部的角落上（拐角处）on the corner of the table
172. warn sb. of, warn sb. against
warn sb. of提醒某人注意某事，warn sb. against提醒某人不要做某事
warn him against swimming in that part of the river
173. at peace, in peaceat peace平静地，in peace和平地 live in peace with one's neighbors
174. on earth, on the earth, in the earth
on earth在世上，在人间，到底，究竟，一点也不，on the earth在地上，在地球上，
in the earth在地下，在泥土里 no use on earth
175. in surprise, to one's surprise, by surprise
in surprise惊奇地，to one's surprise使某人吃惊的是，by surprise使…惊慌
The question took the professor by surprise.
176. in the air, on the air, in the sky
in the air正在酝酿中，on the air播送，广播，in the sky在天空中
His show is on the air at 6:00 tonight.
177. in the field, on the field
in the field在野外，on the field在战场上 He lost his life on the field.
178. in the market, on the market
in the market表示场所或地点，在市场上，on the market出售
He sells fish in the market. Fresh vegetables are on the market now.
179. in the sun, under the sun
in the sun在阳光下，under the sun地球上，全世界 people under the sun
180. in a voice, with one voice
in a voice出声地，with one voice异口同声地 They refused with one voice.
181. through, acrossthrough穿越空间，across在…上穿过 through the forest, across the desert
182. on the way, in the way
on the way在前往…的路上，in the way挡路 The chair is in the way.
183. above, on, overabove在上面，不接触，on在上面，接触，over在正上方 fly over the hill
184. until, not…until
until到…为止， not…until直到…才（常跟点动词连用）I waited until 3:00.
He didn't come until 3:00.
185. besides, except, except for
besides除了…还（包括在内）except除了（不包括在内），
except for整体…除了某一点以外 The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
186. whether, if
当是否解时，只有在宾语从句中二者可以互换，其余都用whether，当如果解时用if I don't know if/whether he will come. If he comes, I'll let you know.
187. and, or
and并且，or或者，否则，常用于否定句中 I don't like apples or bananas.
Hurry up and you'll catch the bus. Hurry up or you'll miss the bus.
188. because, since, as, for
原因由强到弱为：because, since/as, for. 在句中的位置如下：1)…because… 2) Since/as…, …
3) …, for… Since I was ill, I didn't go.
189. when, as, while (表时间)
when从句动词点动词，持续性动词均可，as重在表示动作同时发生，伴随进行，
while从句动词为持续性动词 While I slept, a thief broke in.
190. the same…as, the same…that
the same…as和…一样的（相似但不同一）， the same…that 同一物体
This is the same pen that I used yesterday. (同一支笔)
191. as well, as well as
as well也，常放于句末，和and连用表示既…又；as well as并列连词，不但…而且…
He is a professor, and a writer as well.
192. such…as, such…that
such…as像…样的，such…that如此…以至于 He is not such a fool as he looks like.
He is such a good student that all the teachers like him.
193. because, because of
because连词，连接两句话，because of介词短语，后接词或短语
He didn't go to school because of his illness.
194. in order that, in order to
表目的，in order that后接句子，in order to后接动词原形
I got up early in order to catch the first bus. I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.
195. for example, such as
for example一般只列举一个，such as列举多个例子
I have been to a lot of American cities, such as New York, Atlanta and Chicago.
196. used to, would
表过去常常，和现在相对应用used to，不提现在用would
I used to get up early, but now I don't.
197. All right. That's all right. That's right.
All right. That's all right. 当好吧解时，可以替换；当不客气，没关系解时只能用
That's all right. That's right. 那是对的 ---Sorry. --- That's all right.
198. such…that, so…that
当如此…以至于解时，such…that修饰名词，so…that修饰形容词或副词，
但名词前面如果有many, much, little, few修饰用so…that，不用such that
so many people that… such a lovely boy=so lovely a boy
199. so + be (have, can, do)+主语， neither(nor) + be (have, can, do)+ 主语
也一样，肯定用so…否定用neither (nor) ---I can't play tennis. ---Nor can I.
200. Shall I…? Will you…?Shall I…? 征求对方意见或向对方请示，意为我能…吗？
Will you…?请求或建议对方做某事，意为你愿意…吗？
Will you help me? Yes, I will.
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