形容词、副词命题趋势
形容词是用来修饰名词的词表示名词的属性,副词和形容词一样,在句中起修饰作用,所不同的是:形容词主要修饰名词;而副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子等。对形容词、副词的考查是高考一项重要考查内容,考查的方向主要体现在以下几个方面:
1. 形容词的用法;
2. 副词的用法;
3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法;
4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。
考点诠释
一、考查形容词的作用与位置
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。常放在被修饰的名词前作定语,放在系动词后作表语,或放在宾语之后作宾语补足语。
1.多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序
考例--Yeah, too _______work makes me tired. [太原市]
A. little B. many C. much
[答案]C。[解析]本题重在考查几个形容词的用法。little有"小的"或"几乎没有"等意思。many与much都有"多"的意思,但many修饰可数名词复数,much修饰不可数名词。空格后的名词work是不可数名词,故应选C。
2.形容词用作定语,修饰不定代词时,通常后置。
The idea of "sunshine sport" makes it possible for kids to choose and do about sport as long as one hour every day. [哈尔滨市]
A. pleasant something B. anything pleasant C. nothing pleasant
[答案]B。[解析]考查形容词和不定代词的位置关系。从句子意思可知应填anything pleasant表"任何高兴的事"。A结构不对,C表否定。
3.表语形容词(well,unwell,ill,faint, afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake等)作定语,需要后置;有些表示身体健康状况的形容词,如well,faint,m只作表语;sick既可作表语又可作定语。
考例Carl felt _______because he won the first prize in the school singing competition. [安徽省]
A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried
[答案]B 。[解析]考查形容词词义。根据句意"获奖是值得高兴、自豪的事情",应选proud。
I feel ________to have a friend like him. He always helps me out when I am in trouble. [太原市]
A. luckily B. happy C. sorry
[答案]B。[解析]本题重在考查系动词的用法。系动词feel"觉得"其后可接形容词作表语,A项为副词,故排除;B、C虽然都是形容词,但意义相反,根据后句推断选B。
Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest____ writers.He is still__________.[镇江]
A.1iving;alive B.1iving;1iving C.alive;living D.alive;alive
答案:A解析:alive作表语或后置定语,指"有生命的,活的,还出着气的";living指"健在的,现行的,现代的",可作表语,也可作定语。句意为"金庸是最伟大的健在的老作家之一,他仍然活着",故选A。
4.用作补足语。
考例Li Lei's words made her_________..[济南]
A.happily B.angrily C.crying D.angry
答案:D解析:本题考查make后跟形容词作宾语补足语的用法。选项中只有angry为形容词,故选D。
5.形容词之间词义的区别
考例Nothing in the world is ________if you put your heart into it. [昆明]
A. impossible B. important C. interesting D. necessary
[答案]A。[解析]考查几个重要的形容词的含义。这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句,后句给出的条件是"如果你把你的整个心思放进去",那么可以很容易判断在世界上没有什么是"不可能的",其余三项"重要的、有趣的、必须的"都与句子意思不符。
---Would you like to go and see a film?
--Sure; the TV programmes are too____________.[南京]
A. surprising B. interesting C. exciting D. boring
[答案]D。[解析]考查形容词。根据语境应选boring意为"枯燥的"。
-Why are you so____?
-Because our ping-pong player Wang Liqin has won the world championship.[福州]
A.excited B.exciting C.bored D.boring
答案:A解析:由题意"我们的乒乓球运动员王励勤获胜",故选A或B。exciting"令人兴奋的",往往修饰物/事;excited指人兴奋,故选A。
二、考查副词的作用与位置
1.副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、副词或句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。
The suitcase(手提箱)was __heavy for me to carry,so I pulled it up the stairs and into my flat.[沈阳]
A. quite B so C very D.too
[答案]D。[解析]考查 too…to句型。too…to太……而不能,"这个手提箱太重了,提不动,所以 … 。
We all love Miss Yang.She always makes her history class very_________.[ 重庆]
A.interest B.interests C.interesting D.interested
答案:C解析:very是副词,后要跟形容词,该形容词修饰事物history class,故用interesting;如果修饰人用interested。故选C。
2.enough作副词修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。
考例-What do you think of the lecture(演讲)of Li Yang's Crazy English?
-I think it's____,but someone thinks it's much too________.[安徽芜湖]
A.wonderful enough;bored B.enough wonderful;boring
C.wonderful enough;boring D.enough wonderful;bored
C解析:enough修饰形容词时要后置,故排除B、D,而形容物时要用一ing形式的形容词,形容人时用一ed形式的形容词,故选C。
3. 副词之间的词义区别
考例It's too late to go out now and______, it's starting to rain.[杭州]
A. though B. besides C. however D. instead
解析:答案为B。题干前半句说"现在时间太晚了不能出去了",后面有说"天开始下雨了",这两者是什么关系呢?不能出去的原因有两个,时间太晚不出去不方便,天在下雨就更不好出去了,因此两者应该是并列或递进关系。选项B的besides意为"此外,而且",符合题意故为正确选项。
三、对形容词和副词的比较等级的考查
1.原级的用法。
表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用"as+原级形容词/副词+as"的结构;表示双方不相等时,用"not so(as)+原级形容词/副词+as"的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用"倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as"的结构。
考例John is much shorter than his sister,but he jumps ___________she does.[连云港]
A.as good as B as best as C.as high as D.as higher as
[答案]C。[解析]用"as...as"作比较时,应使用形容词或副词的原级,据此可将B与D项排除。good是形容词,不能用作状语修饰谓语动词,所以C项正确。
Don't just believe the advertisement.That kind of camera is ______it says. [ 湖北]
A.as good as B.not as good as C.as well as D.not as well as
答案:B解析:上句为"不要仅仅相信广告",下句应为"这种相机没有它说的好"。"不如……"用not as+ adj./adv. + as,句中有is,故用形容词。故选B。
2.比较级的用法。
⑴.表示一方超过另一方时,用"比较级+than"的结构表示。
考例--Which coat is ____on me,the blue one or the black one?
一The blue one.[北京市]
A good B better C.best D.the best
[答案]B。[解析] 考查比较级,根据句意:"哪个大衣我穿着更好看,是蓝色的,还是黑色的?"两者比较用比较级,故选B。
--I think Shanghai food is ____Sichuan food.
--I don't agree.I like Sichuan food better.[沈阳市]
A. better than B so good as C more than D as well as
[答案]A 。[解析]is是系动词,后面不能用as well as(因为well作adv:),所以排除D。not so…as表"不及……",用在否定句中故也被排除。more than不合句意,所以选A。
一What does your cousin look like now?
--0h, he is much ____than before.[福州市]
A. strong B stronger C strongest D.too strong
[答案]B。[解析]本题考查形容词的比较级。"than"是比较级的标志,它表示两者作比较,应使用形容词strong的比较级stronger,故选B项。
Let's go by plane, It's __________than by train. [吉林省]
A. faster B. fastest C. slower D. slowest
[答案]A 。[解析]由关键词than可知用比较级,所以排除了B、D。再由常识:飞机的速度快于火车,故选A。