高考英语总复习语法专项 主谓一致
2009-03-18 11:40 来源：互联网 作者：佚名 [打印] [评论]
概 述
主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致(或叫形式一致)，意义一致或就近一致
①.语法一致: 主谓在语法形式上一致, 即主语是单数形式, 谓语用单数, 主语是复数形式, 谓语用复数
②.意义一致: 根据主语的内在涵义的单复数确定谓语的单复数
③.就近一致: 一个句子中有两个或两个以上的主语, 谓语和靠近它的那个主语保持人称和数的一致
分 述
1.当主语是不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数
a. Somebody is waiting for you outside.
b. Nobody knows the answer.
有些不定代词作主语时, 据意义确定谓语动词的单复数. 若不定代词所指为单数意义, 谓语用单数; 若不定代词所指为复数意义, 谓语用复数. 这类词有: all, some, any, more, most, half等
a. All are happy to hear the news.
b. All that has to be done has been done.
c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
d. Half of the wood has been carried away.
2.集体名词如: family, class, army, enemy, government, group, team等作主语时, 如果将其看作一个整体, 则谓语动词用单数, 若看成其中的成员(个体), 则谓语动词用复数
a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers.
b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem.
集体名词people, cattle, police, youth等作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数
a. The police are looking for the thief.
b. Cattle are not allowed to graze here.
3.代词none和neither作主语时, 谓语动词根据说话人的意思用单数或复数. 当说话人着眼于 “任何一个都不…”时, 谓语动词用单数; 当说话人着眼于 “全都不…”时, 谓语动词用复数
a. None of them has a car. ( 他们没有一个人有汽车 )
b. None of them have a car. ( 他们都没有汽车 )
c. None of them knows the answer. ( 他们两个谁也不知道答案 )
d. None of them know the answer. ( 他们两个都不知道答案 )
4.both…and…连接两个主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数. either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…连接两个主语时, 采取 “就近原则”, 即谓语动词和靠近它的那个主语保持一致
a. Both Tom and Jerry were late for school that day.
b. Either you or he has dropped waste paper in the street.
c. Neither he nor I have forgotten for pay for the drinks.
5.在There be…和Here be…结构中, 句子的主语在be之后, 如果主语不止一个, 那么谓语动词be与邻近的主语一致
a. There is a desk, a table, three chairs in the room.
b. There are three chairs, a desk and a table in the room.
c. Here are two letters and a magazine for you.
6.如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to(除外)等引导的短语时, 谓语动词的形式只与主语有关, 而与其后的短语无关
a. The teacher with three students was in the classroom then.
b. This book, as well as the other two books, is borrowed from our school library.
c. None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.
d. Seven people, including a policeman, were killed.
7.表示时间, 长度, 距离, 金额, 价值, 重量, 容量等的复数名词作主语时, 通常作整体看待, 即表示总量或总和, 谓语动词用单数. 若把它们看作一个个的个体, 即强调其具体数量时, 谓语动词用复数形式
a. Twenty years is a long time to us.
b. Two hundred miles is not a long distance.
c. Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.
d. There are ten minutes left.
8.在四则运算中, 谓语动词用单复数均可, 但单数形式更为多用
a. Two and ten is / are twelve.
b. Three times five is / are fifteen.
9.动名词或动词不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数
a. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.
b. Carving animal bones is not an easy job.
10.主语从句作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数. 但若主语从句所指的具体内容为复数意义时, 谓语动词用复数
a. What we need is more time.
b. What we need are more doctors.
11.以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数, 这类专有名词如: General Motors(通用汽车公司), the United Nations(联合国), the United States, the New York Times(纽约时报)等.
a. The New York Times is published daily.
b. The Arabian Nights is a popular reading among the young people.
表示群岛, 山脉, 瀑布的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数, 如:the Andes(安第斯山脉), the Alps(阿尔卑斯山脉), the West Indies(西印度群岛), the Niagara Falls(尼加拉大瀑布)
12.有些形式为复数, 而意义为单数的名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 这类名词如: news, works(工厂), politics(政治), physics(物理), mathematics(数学)等
13.以-s或-es结尾, 由对称的两部分构成的物体作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 这类物体如: trousers, glasses, jeans(牛仔裤), scissors(剪刀), shades(太阳镜)等. 如果这类名词前用了pair, 则谓语动词的数取决于pair的数
a. Here is a pair of glasses for you.
b. There are three pairs of jeans in the bag.
14. “分数或百分数 + of + 名词” 作主语时, 谓语动词视名词的可数与否采用单数或复数
a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.
b. 35 percent of the doctors are women.
c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.
d. One third of the water has been wasted.
15.用and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 如果and连接的两个名词指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and fork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)时, 则谓语动词用单数
a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.
b. The pianist and composer (钢琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.
16. the + adj.表示一类人或事物作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品质, 则谓语用单数
a. The old in the city are taken good care of.
b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美给我们以快乐
17.more than one和 “many a + 单数名词” 作主语时, 谓语用单数
a. Many a student has won the prize.很多学生获了奖
b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同样的错误。
18.every A and every B, each A and each B, no A and no B, many a A and many a B等词组作主语时, 谓语用单数
a. No man and woman has joined the party.
19.主语中有pair, glass等量词时, 谓语动词的数要与这些量词保持一致
a. Three pairs of shoes are under the bed.
14. “分数或百分数 + of + 名词” 作主语时, 谓语动词视名词的可数与否采用单数或复数
a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.
b. 35 percent of the doctors are women.
c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.
d. One third of the water has been wasted.
15.用and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 如果and连接的两个名词指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and fork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)时, 则谓语动词用单数
a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.
b. The pianist and composer (钢琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.
16. the + adj.表示一类人或事物作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品质, 则谓语用单数
a. The old in the city are taken good care of.
b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美给我们以快乐
17.more than one和 “many a + 单数名词” 作主语时, 谓语用单数
a. Many a student has won the prize.很多学生获了奖
b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同样的错误。
18.every A and every B, each A and each B, no A and no B, many a A and many a B等词组作主语时, 谓语用单数
a. No man and woman has joined the party.
19.主语中有pair, glass等量词时, 谓语动词的数要与这些量词保持一致
a. Three pairs of shoes are under the bed
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