辨几组相似的从句
一 . 目的状语从句与结果状语从句
A. 目的状语从句常由从属连词 so that， in order that 引导，且其谓语动词中常含 can / could， may/might， will/ would 等情态动词。这时主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。例如：
1. You should keep the young plants in the shade so that they can't be burnt.
为了不使小苗被晒坏，你应该把它们放在阴凉处。
2. He got up early in order that he could catch the first bus.
他早起是为了赶头班公交车。
3. We should add some fertilizer to the field so that the plants could grow big and strong.
为了让农作物长得又大又壮，我们应该给田地施肥。
B. 结果状语从句常由 so that， so … that， such … that 引导。这时主句和从句之间有时用逗号隔开，从句谓语动词中一般不含情态动词。例如：
1. He got up early so that he caught the first bus.
他起得早，结果赶上了头班公交车。
2. The plan for planting trees around the village was so good that all the villagers agreed to carry it out.
在那个在村子四周植树的计划非常好，结果所有的村民都同意执行。
3. The teacher is so good that all her students love her.
那位老师是这样好，以至于所有的学生都喜欢她。
二 . that 引导的同位语从句与 that 引导的定语从句
A. that 在其引导的定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。它在从句中作宾语时，常可省略。例如：
1. The finger that I sucked was not the one that I had dipped into the mixture.
我吮吸的手指不是我蘸到混合液中的那个手指。
2. We'll visit the factory that makes toys for children.
我们将去参观儿童玩具制造厂。
B. that 在其引导的同位语从句中不作任何成分，而且 that 前面通常有 idea， fact， news， hope， truth 等名词。在意义上， that 从句与这些名词之间可加“是”动词。此时的 that 不能省略。例如：
1. The whole country was sad at the news that Lincoln was murdered.
听到林肯遭暗杀的消息，全国上下都很悲痛。
2. We expressed the hope that we should be given another chance to do the experiment.
我们表达了一个愿望，希望再有一次机会去做那个实验。
三 . 强调句型与含形式主语 it 及其指代的 that 从句的句型
A. 强调句型的标志是“ it is / was … that …”。如果去掉这个标志，句子结构仍然完整。例如：
1. It was in 1916 that a terrible earthquake hit San Francisco.
就在 1916 年旧金山发生了大地震。
去掉“ it was … that ”后，句子即成： A terrible earthquake hit San Francisco in 1916.
2. Was it at a theater that Lincoln was murdered？ 林肯是在一个剧院里遭到暗杀的吗？
去掉“ Was it … that ”后，句子即成： Lincoln was murdered at a theater.
B. 在含形式主语 it 及其指代的 that 从句的句型中，去掉 it ，再把 that 从句移置句首，仍为一个完整的结构。例如：
1. It is suggested that we should hold the meeting another day. （＝ That we should hold the meeting another day is suggested. ）
有人建议我们改天再开一次会。
2. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. （ = That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact. ）
英国逐渐成为国际语言是一个事实。
四 . such … that 引导的结果状语从句与 such … as 引导的定语从句
A. such … that 引导结果状语从句时， that 只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分。例如：
1. It is such a heavy stone that none of us can lift it.
这是一块很沉的石头，以至于没有人能搬动它。
2. It is such an interesting book that all of us want to read it.
这是一本非常有趣的书，以至于我们都想读一读。
B. such … as 引导定语从句时， as 在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：
1. It is such a heavy stone as none of us can lift.
这是一块沉重得没有人能搬得动的石头。
2. It is such an interesting book as all of us want to read.
这是一本非常有趣的、我们都想看的书。
3. She is such a good girl as is loved by everyone.
她是一个人见人爱的好姑娘。
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