中考英语复习:2010中考英语必背的20组词语辨析

2010中考英语必背的20组词语辨析
■ 中考考点
初中阶段大致有150组词语辨析,近几年中考英语常考的有20组左右?中考试题考查词语辨析主要是每组词或短语之间的细小差别,是为了检测同学们辨别词形和运用词汇的能力?

词语辨析集中在对实词,即对名词?动词?形容词?副词等的考查?主要考查同义?近义?形近词汇的辨析以及词组与习惯用法的辨析?

■ 必背知识

1. after, in

这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思?

after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中?如:She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的?

in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中?如:She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走?

2. how long, how often, how soon

how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问?如:How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了?

how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问?如:—How often does he come here? —Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次?

how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问?如:How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来?

3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some

few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”?

few 和 a few修饰可数名词;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词?

several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思?

some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或 a little,有时指更多一些的数量?

4. the other, another

the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指?如:We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other. 我们站在街这边,他们站在那边?

another着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个?如:She has taken another of my books. 她已经拿了我的另外一本书?

5. spend, take, cost, pay

spend的宾语通常是时间?金钱?在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语?如:She spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整个晚上用来读书?

take常常用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语?如:How long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?

cost 指花费时间?金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用于被动语态?如:How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?

pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)?如:I pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金?

6. speak, say, talk, tell

这四个动词都有“说”的意思?speak的意思是“讲话;演讲”,着重指说话的动作,指开口说或连续不断地说,多用作不及物动词;用作及物动词时,其宾语是语言名称?如:He can speak Japanese. 他会说日语?

say的意思是“说;讲”,一般用作及物动词,着重指说话的内容?它的宾语可以是名词?代词或直接引语等?如:She says, “Don’t draw on the wall!”她说:“别在墙上画画!”

talk的意思是“说;讲;谈话”,与speak意义比较接近,但不如speak正式,着重强调两人之间的相互谈话,也可指单方面的谈话?如:She is talking with John in English.她正在和约翰用英语交谈?

tell意为“告诉;讲述;吩咐”,多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人,常接双宾语?除了story, news, truth, joke, lie(谎言)等直接宾语外,还可以接人等间接宾语?如:She is telling the children a story.她正在给孩子们讲故事?

7. among, between

between 的意思是“在……中间,在……之间”,一般指在两者之间?如:There is a table between two windows. 在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子?between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间?如:the relationship between different provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系?)

among 的意思是“在……中间?在……之中”,一般指在三个或三个以上的同类事物之中?如:The teacher distributed them among the students. 老师把这些东西分给了学生?

8. beat, win

这两个词都有“获胜,打败”的意思,但其后宾语不同?beat是“打败,优于”的意思,后面接人或队?如:We beat them. 我们打败了他们?

win指“赢,获胜”,后面接比赛?名次?如:We won the match/game/race/the first place. 我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)?

9. agree with, agree on, agree to

agree on表示“就……取得一致意见”?如:We all agree on (making) an early start. 我们一致同意及早出发?

agree with表示“与……意见一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见?看法的名词或what引导的从句?如:I agree with you without reservation.我毫无保留地同意你的意见?We agree with what you said just now.我们同意你刚才所说的意见?

agree to后面不能接人,只能接“提议,计划,方案”等词句?如:I agree to the terms proposed. 我同意拟议的条件?

10. bring, take, carry,fetch

这四个词都是动词,都含有“带”或“拿”的意思,但使用的场合各不相同?

bring作“带来,拿来”解?如:Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work. 下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我?

take是bring的对语,作“带去,拿去”解?如:Take the box away, please. 请把盒子拿走?

carry表示“运载,携带”之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车?船,也可以用手甚至用头?如:This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers. 这辆巴士准载一百人?

fetch则表示“去拿来”的意思?如:Please fetch me the documents in that room. 请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我?

11. each, every

两词都是“每个”的意思,但着重点不同?each着重个别的情况,every着重全体,有“所有的”的意思?如:She knows each student of the class.她认识这个班里的每一个学生?She knows every student of the class.她认识这个班所有的学生?

12. no one, none

no one指“没有人(只能指人,不能用来指物)”,意思与nobody相同,作主语时不必跟of连用,如:No one believes him since he is not honest. 没有人相信他,因为他不诚实?No one else but I went. 除我以外,谁也没去?

none指“一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物)”,作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单?复数都可以?但在“主+系+表”结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式?如:None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties. 我们谁也不怕困难?

13. go on doing, go on to do, go on with

这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事”的意思,其区别如下:go on doing表示“继续做,一直在做某事(中间无间断)”;go on to do表示“接着做某事”,即某事已做完,接着做另一件事;go on with也表示“继续做某事”,其含义是某一动作一度中止后,又继续下去?

14. too much, much too

二者都有“太,非常”之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词?副词,不可修饰动词?如:It’s much too cold.天气实在是太冷了?

too much作“太多”讲,有以下三种用法?

(1)作名词词组?如:You have given us too much. 你给我们的太多了?

(2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词?如:Don’t drink too

much wine. 不要饮太多的酒?

(3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词?如:She talks too much. 她说话太多?

15. lonely, alone

二者都可表示“孤独,独自”,alone指客观存在的“孤独”,而lonely更偏重一种主观感受上的“寂寞”?如:I went alone. 我是一个人去的?Mary lived alone, but she didn’t feel lonely. 玛丽孤身一人生活,但她并不感到孤独?

16. happen, take place与occur

happen有“偶然”的意思,多用于客观事物?情况的发生?如:Whatever has happened to your arm? It’s all swollen. 你的手臂怎么了?肿得好历害?

occur 指有计划地使某些事“发生”?有时强调“呈现”于人的知觉中?如:Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话?

具体事物?事件作主语时,happen和occur可以通用?如:The accident happened/occurred yesterday. 事故是昨天发生的?

take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示“举行”的意思,带有非偶然性?例如:The meeting took place last night.会议昨晚举行?

17. in front of, in the front of

in front of的意思是“在……前面”?如:There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树?

in the front of的意思是“在……前部”,指在某个空间范围内的前面?如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室里前部有一块黑板?

18. find, find out

两者都有“发现”的意思,但语义有差别?find有偶然发现某物的意味?如:He found a bag on the floor. 他发现地板上有个书包?

find out指“经过,探听,询问”,指调查之后的“发现”或“弄清楚”?如:Please find out who took my book by mistake.请查清楚谁错拿了我的书?

19. noise, voice, sound

这三个词都作“声音”解,在表示“听到声音”这个意思时,三者可以通用?但它们又各有特定的含义?

sound 作“声音”解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音,如:a weak sound 微弱的声?

noise作“噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声”解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音?它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词?如:Another kind of pollution is noise. 另外一种污染是噪音?

voice 作“声音”解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声?歌声和笑声?如:He shouted at the top of voice. 他高声呼喊?有时也用于引申意义,作“意见?发言权”解?如:I have no voice in the matter. 对于这件事,我没有发言权?

20. arrive, get, reach

三者均可表示“到达”,arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方)?如:We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们晚了5分钟到车站?又如:They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎?

get之后通常接介词to?如:When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了?

reach是及物动词(较 get更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)?如:He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京?

■ 中考真题

单项选择?

1. (2008年安徽) A lot of story books are on sale, but ______ good ones.

A. any B. some

C. few D. many

2. (2008年安徽) —Is Mr. Brown driving here?

—I’m not sure. He _____ come by train.

A. may B. shall

C. need D. must

3. (2008年安徽) The music made me think of the _______ of a running stream.

A. shout B. noise

C. voice D. sound

4. (2008年广东清远) —How nice the MP4 is! How much is it?

—It ______ me 500 yuan.

A. spent B. cost

C. bought D. paid

5. (2008年上海)After a long journey, the eight pandas from Wolong safely ____ in Beijing.

A. arrived B. reached

C. got D. came

6. (2007年山东济南)Don’t forget to _______ “Thank you” when someone has helped you.

A. speak B. tell

C. say D. talk

7. (2008年湖北黄石)Please ______ your notebook with you when you come.

A. take B. carry

C. bring D. hold

8. (2008年福建泉州)—Mike, you _____ the magazine since last week. Can you return it now?

—Sure.

A. borrowed

B. have borrowed

C. have kept

D. lent

9. (2008年安徽) —What do you often do _______ classes to relax yourself?

—Listen to music.

A. over B. among

C. between D. through

10. (2008年安徽)—Our team ______ the match. We’ve got the first place!

—Well done! Congratulations!

A. hit B. beat

C. won D. watched

11. (2008年四川攀枝花)There are a lot of colorful flowers on ________ sides of the streets.

A. each B. both

C. either D. all

12. (2008年山东济宁)He seemed to be worried in the waiting room. A bottle of water went from one of his hands to _________.

A. another

B. others

C. the other

D. the others

13. (2008年湖北孝感)—Why does Kate look upset?

—Perhaps she has made _______ mistakes in her homework.

A. little B. a little

C. few D. a few

14. (2008年山东临沂) —_________ do you go to the library?

—I usually go to the library twice a week.

A. How long

B. How often

C. How far

D. How many