二.某些及物动词后接to do / doing的问题:
1.有些及物动词之后既可接to do, 也可接doing, 意义相同, 如: start, begin, continue等
2.有些及物动词之后既可接to do, 也可接doing, 意义稍有区别, 如: love, like, hate, prefer, learn, attempt 等, 接to do侧重表示一次的具体的动作, 接doing侧重表示一般性的习惯性的动作
a. I love going to the theatre./ I love to go to the theatre today.
b. I hate getting up early./ I hate to get up early this morning.
3.有些及物动词之后既可接to do, 也可接doing, 意义明显不同, 如: stop, remember, forget, try, regret等, 接doing表示做过的或正在做的事, 接to do表示未做过的事
a. He stopped eating while he spoke to me.
b. He worked for three hours and then stopped to eat his lunch.
c. Remember to see him before he goes away.
d. I remember seeing him once in Shanghai.
e. I forgot to post the letter./ I shall never forget seeing the singer.
4.有些及物动词之后只能接to do, 而不可接doing, 如: except, hope, promise, decide, desire, expect, hope, pretend, promise, refuse, mean(打算)等
5.有些及物动词之后只能接doing, 而不能接to do, 如: dislike, enjoy, finish, mind, practise, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, excuse, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest等
在某些惯用语中也用doing, 而不用to do, 如: can’t help doing情不自禁, can’t stand doing sth不能忍受, give up doing, feel like doing, be worth doing, be busy doing等
三.与非谓语动词有关的独立主格:
现在分词或过去分词作状语时, 其逻辑主语应是句子的主语. 如果不是, 分词需要带上自己的逻辑主语 (直接加在分词之前), 从而构成独立主格结构
a. Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.(seen的逻辑主语是句子的主语our school)
b. Seeing from the hill, we find the school looks more beautiful.(seeing的逻辑主语是句子主语we)
c. The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home.(being over的逻辑主语是the meeting)
d. Weather permitting, they will go and visit the zoo.(permitting的逻辑主语是weather)
四.独立的非谓语动词短语:
英语中有一些独立的非谓语动词短语, 它们作状语时, 其逻辑主语可以不是句子的主语. 这样的短语包括:
1.独立的现在分词短语有: generally speaking一般地说, strictly speaking严格地说, honestly speaking诚实地说, frankly speaking坦率地说, talking of谈起, speaking of谈到, judging by / from由…判断, considering考虑到, supposing…, according to…, including…等
a. Generally speaking, parents care more about their children’s health than about their own.
b. Judging from her accent, she must be from Shanghai.
c. He speaks Chinese quite well, considering that he has been in China for only a year.
d. Considering everything, the plan is worth trying.
e. Judging by the number of copies sold, the book is a great success.
2.独立的过去分词短语有: given…(被给予), compared…(比较), provided…(假如)等
a. You may keep the book one more week provided that no one else requires it.
b. Given a few more months, the whole situation will become much better.
c. Compared with last year, the average price was reduced 9 percent.
3.独立的不定式短语有: to tell the truth, to be certain / sure, to start / begin with首先, to be honest说实话, to be frank with you坦白对你说, 这些短语都表示说话人的态度或观点
在某些惯用语中也用doing, 而不用to do, 如: can’t help doing情不自禁, can’t stand doing sth不能忍受, give up doing, feel like doing, be worth doing, be busy doing等
《高考英语总复习语法专项 非谓语动词3》由留学英语组编辑整理(www.liuxue86.com)