中考英语语法:中考英语被动语态全解

中考英语被动语态全解

被动语态全解

语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。

本册书我们将学习被动语态的三种时态:

(1) 一般现在时的被动语态

(2) 一般过去时的被动语态

(3) 含情态动词的被动语态

一般现在时的被动语态

一般现在时的被动语态由"助动词be 的现在式am / is / are + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by)"构成。

基本句式

肯定式:主语调 + am /is /are +过去分词+( by)

Bicycles are sold in that shop .

Football is played all over the world by people.

否定式:主语+am/ is /are + not + 过去分词+(by)

Bicycles are not sold in that shop .

Football is not played all over the world by people.

一般疑问句: Am /Is /Are + 主语+过去分词+(by)…?

Is this kind of TV sets made in Guangzhou ?

Is football played all over the world by people ?

被动语态的基本用法:

(1) 需要强调动作的承受者时

The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world

English is widely spoken in the world now.

Water is needed badly by the crops here .

(2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时

Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .

The problem is dealt with now .

(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时

It is said that she was a beauty when she was young .

主动语态转换不被动语态的步骤

1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语

2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即"be+过去分词"。

3, 原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。

4, 其它成分不变

5, 被动语态中"by+宾语"的省略

被动语态句式中的"by+宾语"表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者"by +宾语"常常被省略。

(1) 动作执行者不确定时

Paper is made from wood .

Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year .

(2) 不必表明动作执行者时

English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages

Football is played in most schools。

(3 ) 动作执行者为一般大众时

Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.

一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式

(1) 肯定式:主语+ was /were +过去分词+by

It was made in Beijing Ren'ai Education Institute .

These computers were made in the USA ?

(2) 否定式:主语+was /were + not + 过去分词+ by

She was not given a paniting by him .

This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday .

(3) 一般疑问句:Was /Were + 主语+过去分词+by ?

Were these computers made in the USA ?

Was it made of bamboo?

(4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were + 过去分词+by

What was is made of ?

When was it invented

教你一招

如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does ,被动语态用is/am /are

如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did ,被动语态用was /were .

由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式

(1) 肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+ 过去分词

We can change water into ice --------Water can be changed into ice.

She ought to tidy up her bedroom------Her bedroom ought to be tidied up.

You should buy a dictionary at once ----A dictionary should be bought at once by you.

(2) 否定式:主语+ 情态动词+not +be +过去分词+by

You must not take out any books .-----Any books mustn't be taken out by you .

They needn't look after the little child ----The little child needn't be looked after (by them)

(3) 疑问句:情态动词+主语+be +过去分词+by

Can you use it ?------Can it be used ?

常见的情态动词有:can,may, ought to, must , dare , need,should.

主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:

1, 当宾语是反身代词时

The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker .

2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时

Does the pair of new shoes suit you?

We will have a meeting .

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