高考英语语法:高中英语语法-高三英语知识点综合训练1

高三英语知识点综合训练1

Book 1 Unit 1---3

重点词汇与短语:

1. hunt for 搜索, 追寻

2. care about 担心, 关心

3. such as 例如

4. drop sb. a line 给某人写信

5. be fond of 喜欢

6. in order to 为了

7. all the time 一直

8. argue with sb. about sth. 同某人争论某事

9. all alone 独自

10. develop a friendship with sb. 和某人建立友谊

11. even though 即使, 尽管

12. treat …as 把…当作

13. surf the Internet 上网冲浪

14. on a flight 在飞行中

15. too much太多

16. should have done 本应当做某事

17. be into sth./ doing sth. 喜欢

18. be quick in/ at 在某方面敏捷

19. make oneself at home 别客气

20. in total 总共

21. except for 除了…之外

22. stay up 熬夜

23. come about 发生

24. end up with以…告终

25. bring in 引进,引来

26. a great many 许多

27. all the way 一路上,从头至尾

28. communicate with 与…交流

29. have a good knowledge of 了解,掌握

30. with 复合结构

31. compare… with… 把…和…进行比较

32. share happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦

33. It be + 被强调部分 + that/ who + 其他成分

34. stay the same 保持不变

35. more or less 或多或少

36. consider doing/sb. to do/ sb,. (to be)

37. get away from 逃离

38. watch out 注意,当心

39. instead of 代替

40. go off 离开

41. protect from 保护,保卫

42. for fun 好玩

知识点归纳:

1.argue (vi.﹠vt.): express an opposite opinion;exchange angry words;quarrel 争论,争辩

常用于以下句型:

argue with sb. about/ over sth 同某人争论某事

argue that…用辩论证明

argue sb. to be 表明,证明

argue for/ against 为/为反对 …而辩论

例句:

⑴The couple next door are always arguing.

隔壁的夫妇总是争吵

⑵We argued with each other about the justice of the war.

我们就这场战争是否正当展开了争论

⑶Mr.Smith argued that he should be paid more.

史密斯先生据理力争他应得到更多的工薪

⑷The way he spends money argues him to be rich.

他花钱的方式说明他很富有

⑸His accent argues him to be a southerner.

他的口音表明他是个南方人

⑹He argues that the experiment could be done in another way.

他论证说这项实验可以换一种方法进行

⑺The workers argued for the right to strike.

工人们为争取罢工的权利而辩论

* argument (n.) 争论,论据,论点

⑴They got into quite a heated argument.

他们的争论达到了白热化。

⑵We couldn't follow his argument.

我们不理解他的论点。

2.too much 具有形容词、副词和代词的功能,在句中可作定语、表语、状语、主语或宾语,表示"太多(的)、过分(的)、好极(的)"意思

⑴But too much snow can cause trouble.

但是雪太大可能引起麻烦(too much为形容词,作定语)

⑵She is afraid the trip will be too much for me.

她认为这次旅行对我来说强人所难(too much为形容词,作表语)

⑶She does not talk too much.

她谈得不太多(too much为副词,作状语)

⑷Too much has been said about it.

关于这事讲得太多了(too much为代词,作主语)

辨析:much too "太…",中心词是副词too,用来修饰形容词和副词,在句中作状语

⑴These shoes are much too narrow for me.

这双鞋我穿实在太窄了

⑵You are much too thin to play the part of Falstaff.

你太瘦了,不能演福尔塔夫这个角色

高考题例:

Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____ to carry all the way home.(NMET2003)

A. much too heavy

B. too much heavy

C. heavy too much

D. too heavy much

分析:

heavy为形容词,故应用much too修饰

答案:A

3. in order to do sth.

so as to do sth

to do sth

它们都可作目的状语,其区别如下:

* 这三种不定式作目的状语,在意义上并无多大差别,相比而言,to do 比较普遍,后两种在语气上稍重些,而so as to do 比较口语化,in order to do则比较正式

* 为了加强语势,突出目的,可将to do 或in order to do放在句首。

注:so as to do 不能放在全句的前面,它只能后置

⑴China is paying more and more attention to education in order to/so as to/to catch up with advanced countries in science and technology.

中国对教育越来越重视,为的是科技上赶上发达国家

⑵In order to find the book, he searched the whole house.

为了找到那本书,他翻遍了整个房子

⑶To hear better, we'll sit in the front row.

为了听得更清楚,我们要坐在前排

* to do, in order to do 和so as to do 三种不定式作目的状语时, 一般句子的主语就是不定式的逻辑主语, 但如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,常用for引出:

eg.

I stopped aside for her to get in.

我停下来向旁边靠了靠,让她进来

* 不定式作目的状语表达否定的目的时,一般采用so as not to或in order not to 这两种句式。如:

⑴We took a taxi so as not to be late.

我们是搭出租车去的,以免迟到

⑵He worked slowly in order not to make any mistake.

他工作干的很慢,目的是不出错

⑶I got up early so as not to miss the first train.

我大清早起床,目的是不误第一班火车

4. treat vt. 对待,治疗,款待

常用于以下句型:

treat…as… 把…看作

treat sb. to sth. 用…款待某人

treat sb. for… 给某人治…病

eg.

⑴Don't treat me as a child.

不要把我当成小孩看待

⑵Why do you treat the matter as a joke?

你为什么把这件事当作儿戏

⑶Peter treated me to an ice-cream.

彼得请我吃了冰激凌

⑷The doctors and the nurses risked their lives treating the patient for SARS.

医生和护士冒着生命危险为患者治疗非典

* 以下句型也常用来表示"把…当作":

look on/ upon …as…

have…as…

think of…as/ to be…

consider …as/ to be…

regard… as…

eg.

⑴They look on others' difficulties as their own.

他们把别人的困难当成自己的困难

⑵She thinks of the monitor as the cleverest student in the class.

她认为班长是班上最聪明的学生

⑶He always has her as his real mother.

他一直把她当作自己的母亲

⑷Abraham Lincoln is considered as one of the greatest American President.

亚伯拉罕林肯被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一

⑸All the patients regard him as a good doctor.

所有的病人都认为他是一名出色的医生

高考题例:

More patients___ in hospital this year than last year.(2004江苏高考)

A. treated

B. have treated

C. had been treated

D. have been treated

分析:

根据句意, "treat"的意思是 "治疗",而且是发生在今年,故用现在完成时态的被动式

答案: D

5. share vt. ﹠ vi. 分享,共用,等分

share (in) sth. with sb.

⑴The children shared the cake equally.

孩子们平分了蛋糕

⑵Ten teachers shared the office.

十名教师合用这间办公室

⑶They would share their joys and sorrows.

他们愿意同甘共苦

⑷Will you share your umbrella with me?

你能让我和你共用雨伞吗?

⑸I'll share in the cost with you.

我愿意和你分担费用

* share n. 份额,股份,一份

⑴If you want a share of the pay, you'll have do your share of the work.

如果你想要一份报酬,就必须做一份工作

⑵The company was formed with 1,000 shares.

这家公司组成时有1000股

⑶Here is your share of the cake.

这是你的一份蛋糕

高考题例:

Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare----you must learn to _____.(NMET2000)

A. support

B. care

C. spare

D. share

分析:

"as well"是"也"的意思,据题意,是让 "Clare"和"Harry"两个人一起玩玩具,"share"有分享、共用的意思。

答案: D

6. So +be/助动词/情态动词 +主语 "…也如此"(用于肯定句)

Neither/Nor + be/助动词/情态动词 +主语 " …也不" (用于否定句)

⑴I'm a teacher, and so is my husband.

我是个教师,我丈夫也是

⑵He has finished his homework, and so have I.

他完成了作业,我也完成。

⑶If you go to school early tomorrow, so shall I.

如果明天你早上学,我也早去

* so/neither/nor引导的此类倒装句,放在主语前面的助动词、情态动词或系动词be应与前一句保持一致(人称和数上作适当调整)。如:例⑴am---is;例⑵has---have;例⑶前一部分为if引导的条件句,用一般现在时表示将来,故主句使用表示将来的will/ shall。

*如果前一部分内容中没有出现助动词、情态动词或be,则应借助于助动词do/does/did。如:

①You love music, and so do I.

你热爱音乐,我也一样

②…He seldom drinks tea. 他很少喝茶

…Nor does she. 她也是

* 句子中如果用否定的派生词,后句使用so。如:

①…I dislike coffee.我不喜欢咖啡

…So does she. 她也不喜欢

②…She is unmarried.她是独身

…So am I. 我也是独身

* 如果表示前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时,则需要用So it is/was with…或It is/was the same with…,如:

①Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States. So it was with Jane.

玛丽在澳大利亚出生,在美国居住。简也是。

②…I like English but I can't study well.我喜欢英语但学不好。

…So it is with my brother. 我弟弟也是。

(以上两例皆可用It is/was the same with…结构

* 如果下文表示的是对上文的赞成或肯定,则仅需要把so 放于句首,其后用正常语序。如:

①…She has done a good job. 她干得不错

…Yes, so she has. 是的,的确不错

②…He came to school late yesterday.他昨天上学迟到了。

…So he did. 他的确迟到了

③…It is very hot today. 今天天气真热

…So it is. 是啊,的确很热

高考题例:

…David has made great progress recently.

…_______, and ______. (1997上海高考)

A. So he has,so you have

B. So he has,so have you

C. So has he,so have you

D. So has he,so you have

分析:

此题前一空考查的是对上文的肯定;第二个空考查同样的情况也适合你。

答案:B

7. survive v. 继续生存或存在;比…长命;经历(某事);幸存

⑴Of the four people in the car accident, only one survived.

在车祸中的四个人中,只有一个人幸存

⑵Many customs have survived from earlier times.

许多风俗习惯源源流长

⑶Life is hard at the moment, but we're surviving.

目前生活艰难,但我们正在挣扎求生

⑷The old lady has survived her husband.

那老妇人的丈夫先她而去世了

⑸He felt lucky to have survived the war.

经历那场战争后能幸存下来他感到很幸运

* survivor 为名词,意为"幸存者"

如:

The film Titanic is based on an experience of a survivor.

电影《泰坦尼克号》是根据一个幸存者的经历而摄制的

高考题例:

In such dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they _____. (2001上海高考)

A. have survived

B. are to survive

C. would survive

D. will survive

分析:

be to do表示将来注定要发生。在条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来,故C、D都不能选。

8. lie vi.

lie lay lain lying 平躺,位于

lie lied lied lying 撒谎

lay laid laid laying 产下,放置

⑴The corpse lay face down in a pool of blood.

尸体俯卧在血泊中。

⑵The letter lay open on his desk.

那信摊开在他的书桌上

⑶The hen laid two eggs.

母鸡产下两个鸡蛋

⑷Korea lies to the east of China.

朝鲜位于中国的东部

⑸I laid the book on the chair.

我把书放在椅子上

⑹There is a dog lying at his master's feet.

主人的脚旁边卧着条狗

⑺She lied to me two days ago.

两天前,她向我撒了谎

* 习语:lie to sb.向某人撒谎

lie in one's teeth/ throat 睁着眼睛说瞎话,扯弥天大谎

lie one's way into/ out of sth 撒谎以求一逞或摆脱困境

9. It be + 被强调部分 + that/ who + 其他成分

强调句型可以强调一个句子的主语、宾语、表语及状语等成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词,可以用that或who(whom)连接其他成分;被强调的成分是表示人以外的词,例如表示事物、时间或地点的词,用that连接其他成分。例如我们可以用强调句型强调下列句子的主语(如⑴)、宾语(如⑵)、地点状语(如⑶)及时间状语(如⑷)

I met Peter in Japan last year.

⑴ It was I who/that met Peter in Japan last year.

⑵ It was Peter whom/that I met in Japan last year.

⑶ It was in Japan that I met Peter last year.

⑷ It was last year that I met Peter in Japan.

* not …until 也可用于强调句型

例1

Mr. Brown didn't come back until eleven o'clock.

可变为:It was not until eleven o'clock that Mr. Brown came back.

例2

The rain didn't stop until midnight.

可变为:It was not until midnight that the rain stopped.

* not …until 也可变为特殊疑问句

例1

It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded.

可变为:When was it that the PRC was founded?

例2

Your dad worked in this factory two years ago.

可变为:Where was it that your dad worked two years ago?

10. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难

其中的(in) doing sth.不可改为to do sth.;其中的difficulty 是不可数名词, 前面可以用some/ no/ little/ much等词修饰.

Eg.

⑴We had no difficulty in finding the hospital.

我们毫不费劲地找到了这所医院.

⑵Did you have any difficulty in carrying the plan?

你们执行计划有苦难吗

⑶She has little difficulty in learning maths.

她学习数学几乎没什么困难

⑷I had much difficulty in talking with the foreigner.

我用英语同老外交谈很费劲

还可用下列句型表达 "做某事有困难":

have trouble (in) doing sth.

There be difficulty in doing sth.

do sth. with/ without difficulty

⑴There is some difficulty in teaching pupils Japanese.

教小学生日语有困难

⑵He had a little difficulty in solving the problem.

解决这个问题,他有一点困难

⑶Tom climbed the tree without difficulty.

汤姆毫不费劲地爬上了树

注:

当difficulty指笼统概念时,即"困难、费力"为不可数名词(如以上例句),当它指具体的"难事、困难"时用作可数名词。如:

We'll meet with all kinds of difficulties.

我们会遇到各种困难

11. bring in: introduce, harvest, get money or income引进,收获

⑴Country music has become big business. It brings in 300 million dollars a year.

乡村音乐发展成为一项商业,每年盈利3亿美元。

⑵They have brought in experts to advise on the project.

他们已请来专家当这项工程的顾问

⑶Farmers in the south have brought in good crops this year.

南方的农民今年收获了庄稼

⑷Don't bring him in. He'll do nothing to help.

别把他扯进来,他帮不上什么忙

⑸They brought in some words from their own languages.

他们把自己语言中的一些词语带了进来

其他相关短语:

bring sth. about使(某事)发生

bring sth. down 降低或减少…,使…(从空中)落下

bring sth. up 培养、养育某人,呕吐

bring …and …together 促使(争执双方)和解

bring out生产出,出版

⑴The Liberals wish to bring about changes in the electoral system..

自用党人想要改变选举制度

⑵The prices have been brought.

价格已经下降了

⑶Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.

她小时侯父母就去世了,是由她姑姑养大的

⑷An enemy fighter was brought down.

一架敌机被击落了

⑸The loss of their son brought the parents together.

双方因失去儿子而言归于好

⑹He brought out his lunch just now.

他刚刚把吃进去的午饭吐出来了

⑺New personal computers are brought out almost daily.

几乎每天都有个人计算机推出

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