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2018下半年英语六级考试翻译试题:算盘(1)
算盘(abacus)是中国传统的计算工具,也是中国古代的一项重大发明。阿拉伯数字出现以前,算盘在世界各地广泛使用。算盘是矩形的木框,木框上固定着带算珠的木杆。木框中间的横梁(beam)将木杆分成两部分:木杆上方的两颗算珠 (counting beads)每个代表5,下方的五颗算珠每个代表1。随着算盘的应用,人们总结出很多计算技巧,提高了计算速度。由于算盘易于制造,而且计算口诀易于记忆和操作,因此算盘在中国十分流行。
参考译文:
As a traditional Chinese calculation tool and an important ancient Chinese invention,the abacus was widely used before the invention of Arabic numerals in the world. The abacus is a rectangle with a wooden frame. Within the frame,rods with stringed beads are fixed. The beam in the middle of the frame divides each rod into two parts. The two counting beads in the upper part of each rod represent five and the rest five beads in the lower part represent one. With the application of the abacus, people summarized many calculation tips to help improve the speed of calculation. As the abacus is simple to produce, and its calculation tips are easy to memorize and operate, it is quite popular in China.
词句点拨:
1.广泛使用:可以用被动语态表示“被广泛使用”,即be widely used。
2.带算珠的木杆:可译为rods with stringed beads。其中rod意为“木杆”,stringed 意为“用带或绳绑或挂的”,beads意为“珠子”,故stringed beads意为“串起来的珠子”。
3.上方:即in the upper part;“下方”可译为in the lower part。
4.随着算盘的应用:可译为 with the application of the abacus。
2018下半年英语六级考试翻译试题:算盘(2)
算盘(abacus)是一种手动操作计算辅助工具形式。它起源于中国,迄今已有2600多年的历史,是中国古代的一项重要发明。在阿拉伯数字(Arabic numerals )出现前,算盘是世界广为使用的计算工具。现在,算盘在亚洲和中东的部分地区继续使用,尤其见于商店之中,可以从供应中国商品和日本商品的商店里买到。在西方,它有时被用来帮助小孩子们理解数字,而一些数学家喜欢体验一下使用算盘计算出简单算术(arithmetical)问题的感觉。
参考译文:
Abacus
An abacus is a form of manually operated counting aid. It has originated in China over 2,600 years ago.It is one of the most important inventions of ancient China. The abacus used to be the most widely used calculation tool before the appearance of Arabic numerals. At present, abacuses continue to be used in parts of Asia and the Middle East, especially in the shops, and they are available in stores which stock Chinese or Japanese goods. In the West, it is sometimes used to help young children grasp numbers, and some mathematicians enjoy experimenting with the abacus to work out simple arithmetical problems.
翻译注意事项:
1.计算辅助工具形式:翻译为a form of manually operated counting aid,其中aid一词本意为“有助之物”,用在此处表示“辅助工具”已比较贴切, 不必再将“工具”二字译出。
2.理解数字:翻译为grasp numbers,其中grasp—词表示“全面领会、理解”之意,用在此处很恰当地译出了原文“理解”一词的含义。
3.体验:翻译为experimenting,此处原文强调的是数学家亲自体验用算盘做简单算术题,因此有“实验”的含义,故选用experimenting—词。
2018下半年英语六级考试翻译试题:算盘(3)
算盘(abacus)是中国古代的一项伟大发明。在古代,人们用小木棍进行计算随着社会的发展,需要计算的数目越来越大,用小木棍已无法宪成计算。于是,人们发明了更为高级的计算工具一一算盘。由于算盘操作方便、简单易学,因此在中国被广泛使用。在算盘的基础上,有人发展了珠心算(mental abacus),即把算盘的形象描绘在脑海中来计算数字。
参考译文:
The abacus is a great invention in ancient China. In the old times, people used small rods to count, With the social development, numbers needed to calculate were increasingly greater, which made it impossible for the rods to fulfill the task. Thus,people invented a more advanced calculating device the abacus. Since it was convenient to use and easy to learn,the abacus was widely used in China. On the basis of the abacus, there came the mental abacus with the image of an abacus in mind to calculate the figures.
1.第1句由3个短句构成,第1个短句译成介词短语With the social development或连词as引出的从句As the society developed;第2个短句可处理为主句,当中的定语“需要计算的”可译为分词短语 needed to calculate,作后置定语;第3个短句则处理成用which引导的非限制性定语从句,套用make it impossible for sb./sth. to do sth.的结构,译成which made it impossible for the rods to fulfill the task,为了避免重复,把“完成计算”转译成了“完成任务”。
2.第4句中破折号后的内容“算盘”是前面“更为高级的计算工具”的同位语,译文处也可用破折号引出。
3.第5句中的“由于算盘操作方便、简单易学”可套用英语常用句式It is+ a. + to do sth.,译为Since it was convenient to use and easy to learn。虽然中文出现了“由于......因此......”,但译为英语时不能同时出现“Since... so...”。
4.最后一句中的“有人发展了珠心算”如果逐字对译为someone has developed...则显晦涩,且主语“有人”无需强调,故转换主语为“珠心算”,用there came句型,表存现状态。“即把算盘的形象……”是对“珠心算”的补充说明,可用介词短语 with the image of an abacus in mind to calculate the figures 来表达。
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