2018下半年英语六级考试阅读模拟试题：饮用水的保健作用
The Health Benefits of Drinking Water-ls Bottled Drinking Water Healthier Than Filtered Tap Water?
Water is a key ingredientin a healthy diet and lifestyle.There are many health benefits of drinking water.It helps flush impurities and toxins out of our systems.It aids in the delivery of oxygen and nutrients.Infact,nearly every system in our bodies relies on water for proper functioning.But what will happen if the water you drink every day is unhealthy?
In past decades,concerns about tap water and its impact on overall health led some people to turn to bottled drinking water instead.However,in those days,there were few choices of bottled waters.You could pay to have a company deliver large bulky plastic bottles of water for the water cooler.Or you could purchase gallon jugs of distilled or “drinking water”at the grocery store.
In recent years,there has been an explosion in the number of different bottled waters available,with big distributors such as Coke and Pepsi jumping on the bandwagon.But are bottled drinking waters like Coke's Dasani brand,Pepsi's Aquafina,or Wal-Mart's store brand really any healthier than your tap water? Or would you be better off with a drinking water filtration system?
As we have learned more about the water we drink.the technology behind drinking water filters and purification systems has improved dramatically.There are filters to remove impurities,chemicals,heavy metals,bacteria and most every contaminant you can think of.With the right size and filter combination for your specific home.your tap water can be exceptionally pure and healthy.
Cost Comparison
Drinking water filtration systems have also become more affordable and easy to use.Although the initial cost of a whole house system usually amounts to several hundred dollars,that cost is often less than $100 each year if spread out over the life of the system.
There may be additional expenses to replace carbon filters,membranes in reverse osmosis drinking water filtration system,or lamps in an ultraviolet light water treatment device.These expenses can add another $1000r so to the annual costs of operating drinking water filters and purification systems.
While some people may hesitate to spend so much each year for clean,safe drinking water,they are probably paying more for bottled drinking water.Calculations show that at a price of $l to $4 per gallon,bottled ordelivered water costs an average of $400 each year,especially if you purchase individual bottles.And that doesn't take into consideration the gas needed to drive to the store or the environmental impact of all the empty plastic bottles.
Health Aspects
Many people who choose bottled drinking water understand that it is more expensive, bue they are still willing to pay the extra money because bottled water is thought to be safer and healthier than filtered drinking water. After all,bottled water is often marketed as "natural spring water" or "pure glacier water."
In reality, few bottled waters come from natural springs, and most of them use municipal tap water. The companies are able to get away with this false marketing because the regulatians and standards for bottled drinking water are less stringent than those for residential drinking sources.
The quality of bottled water is regulated by the Food and Drug Administrarion (FDA), while drinking water systems are typically regulated by State regulations or the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This doesn't mean that the FDA isn't doing their job.It's just that the rules for bottled water only require it to be as good as tap water, not better.
In addition, the FDA regulations only apply to bottled drinking water that is transported across state lines. If a company sells their bottled drinking water in the same state where it was bottled, the federal regulations don't apply. The result is that many bottled waters are not any healthier than filtered water. and in fact some are less pure.
This was demonstrated in a study which was conducted in 1999 by the Natural Resources Defense Council. They tested over 100 brands of bottled drinking water and found that about one third of the waters comtained contamination in the form of chemicals. bacteria, and arsenic. The study also,found that up to forty percent of bottled drinking waters come from a city water system.
How to Tell If Your Water Is Healthy
So how do you tell if the water you are drinking is healthy? With tap water, it is relativety easy. If your water comes from a municipal source. the suppliers are required by law to provide annual water quality reports. If you have a well, you can have an authorized lab test your water. It may cost $lOO or more, but it's a small price to pay for peace of mind. Or you can purchase a kit and test it yourself, but naturallythe results may not be as conclusive or reliable as those produced by authorized labs.
When it comes to bottled drinking water. it can be more difficult to know what you are getting. Start by checking the label or the bottle cap. Some may tell you that the water comes from a municipal source or "community water system." which means tap water.
If the label doesn't give any information, you can call the bottler and ask.But don't be surprised if you get the run around and are transferred to several different departments. Some states have a bottled water program that tracks bottled drinking water and can tell you the origin of the source water as well as other information.
Safe and healthy drinking water has become big business. Thousands of companies are vying for your hard earned cash, and some are not always honest about what their products offer. The initial investment for a home drinking water filtration system can seem expensive at first, but over time, it is usually less expensive than bottled drinking water. And with a wafer filter. you at least know where the water you drink camefrom and how it was treated.
Before going out and spending your hard earned money for bottled drinking water that may be no better thanyour own tap water, it is obviously a good idea to do some research. You are likely to decide that a drinking water filtration system and/or purifier is the healthier choice and provides the best value as well.
练习题
1.In past decades, bottled drinking water was____________________.
A) more popular than tap water
B) believed to be too expensive
C) inconveniently provided
D) restricted to few choices
2.Now, tap water can also become exceptionally pure and healthy if_________________.
A) more fund is provided for protecting water resources
B) a right filtration system is installed in your home
C) measures are taken to guide the water suppliers
D) our environment can be free from pollution
3.Operating drinking water filters and purification systems costs______________ every year.
A) several hundred dollars
B) less than a hundred dollar
C) about two hundred dollars
D) about a hundred dollar
4.One of the disadvantages of bottled water is that the plastic bottles would___________________.
A) have to be delivered back to the suppliers
B) bring about impact on the environment
C) not be as safe as glass bottles
D) increase the production cost
5.Generally, the companies that use municipal tap water as bottled water___________.
A) sell their water at a lower price
B) purify the water before bottling
C) are severely punished by law
D) can escape punishment by law
6.The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for supervising the quality of____________.
A) drinking water
B) bottled water
C) municipal tap water
D) underground water
7.In a study by____________, many bottled drinking water was found not to be as healthy as expected.
A) the Food and Drug Administration
B) the Environmental Protection Agency
C) the Natural Resources Defense Council
D) the National Association for Health Freedom
8.It is required that the quality of tap water by a municipal source be provided by its supplier in________________.
9.When the bottled water is claimed to come from a"community water system," it is actually_____________________.
10.If you need to know any information about the bottled water, you can either ask the bottler for it or get it from the state's__________________.
参考答案及解析
1.[D][定位]根据题干中的past decades和bottled drinking water查找到第2段。
解析：选项D是对原文该段第2句中的few choices的近义改写，故为本题答案。该段最后一句提到了获取瓶装水的途径，这些途径都很方便，因此，选项C不正确。其余两个选项均无原文依据。
2.[B][定位]根据题干中的tap water，pure，healthy等查找到第4段最后一句。
解析：原文该句中的filter combination与选项B中的filtration system所指相同，可见，选项B为本题答案。
3.[C][定位]根据题干中的cost，every year等查找到第1个小标题Cost Com parison部分的开头两段。
解析：原文该部分首段和第2段分别列举了使用饮用水过滤和净化系统的花费，其中将首段末句提到的less than $100 each year和第2段末句提到的another $100 0r so相加，就是一年的总花费，由此可见，一年的总费用为大概$200，可见，本题应选C。
4.[B][定位]根据题干中的disadvantages，bottled water，plastic bottles等查找到第1个小标题Cost Comparison部分的末段末句。
解析：原文该段指出了瓶装水的缺点，最后一句的environmental impact与选项B中的impact on the environment同义，因此本题答案为选项B。
5.[D][定位]根据题干中的companies，municipal tap water等查找到第2个小标题Health Aspects部分的第2段。
解析：原文该段第2句中的get away with...表明虚假销售的公司都不会受到惩罚，选项D中的escape punishment与get away基本同义，故选项D为本题答案。
6.[A][定位]根据题干中的Environmental Protection Agency查找到第2个小标题Health Aspects部分的第3段首句。
解析：原文该句提到了FDA和EPA两个机构，以及它们各自的职能，后者负责管理drinking water systems，也就是说，EPA监控drinking water的质量，因此本题答案为选项A。
7.[C][定位]根据题干中的study查找到第2个标题Health Aspects部分的最后一段第1句。
解析：原文虽有提及选项A、B和C的三个机构名称，但只有选项C的机构与study有关，原文没有提及其他两个机构有参与任何的研究，因此，选项C为本题答案。
8.[the annual water quality reports]
[定位]根据题干中的quality,tap water, municipal source查找到第3个小标题How to Tell If Your Water Is Healthy郜分的首段第2、3句。
解析：空白处应为名词成分。原文这两句都是针对tap water的内容，题目是对这两句话的近义改写，只要对比两句，就可发现题目缺了的部分为the annual water quality reports。
9.[tap water]
[定位]根据题干中的“community water system”雀找到第3个小标题How to Tell If Your Water Is Healthy部分的第2段末句。
解析：空白处应为名词成分或形容词成分。原文该句末的非限制性定语从句是对之前信息的补充说明，表明这些瓶装水的真正性质，因此定语从句中的tap water为本题答案。
10.[bottled water program]
[定位]根据题干中的information，bottler和state's等词查找到第3个小标题How to Tell If Your Water Is Healthy部分的第3段末句。
解析：空白处应为名词成分。原文该段提供了获得瓶装水信息的两个途径，题目提到了前一个，后一个可从该段末句找到，根据state's这个提示，可以确定答案为bottled water program。
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