Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
57、Questions 57-66 are based on the following passage.
I work with high school students: I'm the debate coach at the school in my town.I've been doing this for quite a while, and one of the benefits is getting to be a fly on the wall in the lives of teens, learning things I might otherwise miss.Sometimes I would prefer to miss these things--for instance, teens have dreadful taste in movies as a general rule, combined with an innate drive to repeat everything they've seen in those dreadful movies to one another ad infinitum, to apparently riotous effect among themselves and mindnumbing desperation within yours truly--but just as often these things are very informative.Needless to say,students talk a lot about their lives as students.As a book person myself, I'm especially intrigued when they talk about their student life vis-a-vis books.From the sound of it, it's mostly pretty bleak.
I think back to a couple of teachers who inspired me when I was their age.Those teachers didn't make me write endless papers explaining the symbolism of this or that, for one thing.The vast majority of writers are mostly telling stories and whatever so-called symbolism they toss onto the page is probably accidental; if they are deliberately engaging in some sort of deep symbolism, the result is usually dull.Imagery can be evocative, but how much can you say about it? The images evoked by the names Dickens chose for his characters, for instance, like Murdstone or Pip or Gradgrind, do their job instantaneously.What more do we need to say? I pity the poor student trying to write a "theme" on this.And I thank the teachers who inspired me for not expecting such writing.My inspirations simply were so excited about what a name like Murdstone could do, that just watching their eyes light up when they mentioned it was enough for me.These inspirations had maintained their own enthusiasm for the art of literature, and they taught enthusiasm, which is much better a lesson than teaching something like, "What is the Theme of Moby-Dick?" I don't think even Melville could figure out the theme of Moby-Dick, if you want my opinion.That's one of the book's great appeals.
Paula Marantz Cohen has uncovered for The American Scholar an article written by Orson Welles with his former English headmaster entitled On the Teaching of Shakespeare and Other Great Literature.It raises some questions about why the teaching of literature has become rather dull:
"The authors note that while American high school students are exposed to about three Shakespeare plays and a smattering of other great works of literature, they rarely develop a real appreciation for the works and almost never read them again later in life.The question is why...It is the result, they say, of the ascendancy of science, which has turned the study of literature into a scientific endeavor."
In other words, we look at literature through the lens of objective analysis rather than subjective, which is fine for the study of any art sooner or later, but if we simply want to love that art? The subjective will always come first.
A fly on the wall" in Paragraph 1 indicates that the author
A.is an obvious existence among students
B.is very curious about students
C.can learn a lot from the students
D.can easily observe the students
58、 The lives of teens are depicted as the following EXCEPT
A.they like to imitate what they've seen in the movies
B.their tastes in movies are similar among themselves
C.they like to read and talk about books
D.they like to talk about their school lives
59、 It can be inferred from the passage that a good literature teacher would
A.tell stories with imaginary
B.teach how to discover the theme of a novel
C.inspire students with enthusiasm
D.engage in deep symbolism
60、 What is the author's attitude towards the "theme" of a literature work?
A.Enthusiastic.
B.Biased.
C.Ambivalent.
D.Disinterested.
61、 According to Orson Welles, what's the reason why the teaching of literature has become rather dull?
A.Students are much more interested in science.
B.Students are studying literature in the same way as science.
C.Students are learning too many literature works.
D.The Shakespeare plays are too difficult for students to appreciate.
62、Questions 62-71are based on the following passage.
Never mind the fight to get people to open their wallets in the recession--some companies are taking a different policy, and trying to get customers to open their purses instead.In America, where female consumers make more than 80% of discretionary( 随意的 )purchases, companies have started tailoring their products and messages to appeal to women in an effort to boost their sales.
Frito-Lay, a snack-food company owned by PepsiCo, has launched a campaign called " Only In A Woman's World" to convince women that crisps and popcorn are not just for male, beer-guzzlling(暴饮) sport fans.OfficeMax, American second-largest office-supplies company, has redesigned its notebooks and file-holders to appeal to women and has run advertisements that encourage women to make their office more colorful.For the first time, McDonald's was a sponsor of New York Fashion Week in February, promoting a new line of hot drinks to trendsetting women.
Eric Almquist, head of global consumer insights for Bain& Company, says he is surprised it has take a recession to get companies to focus on women.After all, it is hardly news that they control the vast majority of consumer spending.(They buy 90% of food,55% of consumer electronics, and most of cars.) But the recession has prompted companies to rethink their approach.SheSpeaks, a marketing consultancy that helps companies including Citibank and Philips reach women consumers, has tripled its number of clients since the recession began.Some women's magazines, too, are benefiting as companies that had never before expressed interest in advertising with them are now doing so.
Aside from their greater purchasing power, women are valuable customers for three reasons.First, they are loyal, says Marti Barletta, author of Marketing to Women, and more likely to continue to buy a brand if they like it.Second, women are more likely than men to spread information about products they like through word of mouth and social-networking sites.Thrid, most of the lay-offs so far in America have been in maledominated fields, like manufacturing and construction.This means women may bring home a greater share of household income in the months ahead and have even more buying power.But marketing to women may not work for every company.In particular, for firms ( such as some carmakers) with brands that are regarded as strongly male, "gender bending", or trying to attract the opposite sex, could enhance short-term sales but cause a longer-term decline.Jill Avery of the Simmons School of'Management in Boston researched this trend with cars.When Porsche released a sport-utility vehicle designed for women, sales temporarily increased, but men started to move away from the brand, on the basis that it had compromised its masculine image.But in this recession, having a tarnished( 有缺点的)brand is better than having no brand at all.
According to the passage, companies in America begin to attract female consumers in order to
A.open their purses
B.increase their sales
C.make women happy
D.make companies fight with each other
63、 The author provides an example of McDonald's in the last part of Paragraph 2 in order to show that McDonald's
A.began to be engaged in the fashion line
B.was willing to support New York Fashion Week
C.hot drinking was popular among women
D.began to focus on women to promote their products
64、 What can we learn from Paragraph 4.9,
A.Most of the lay-offs so far in America have been in female-dominated fields.
B.Men have greater purchasing power than women.
C.Women in America may earn more than men during the recession period.
D.Men are more likely to propagate products they like than women.
65、 The reason that men refused to buy a sport-utility vehicle by Porsehe is that
A.it damaged the male image
B.its function was not suitable for men
C.its design was out of date
D.men hadn't enough money to buy it
66、 What is the main idea of the passage.9
A.Sales of American companies are declining due to the recession.
B.Men are not satisfied with the promotion to female customers.
C.Recession-hit companies target female customers.
D.American women have more purchasing power than men now.