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[英语语法手册]非限定动词 C

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2012-08-02 14:48

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含有动词不定式的复合宾语

动词不定式可用作复合宾语中的宾浯补足语。可有这种复合宾语结构的动词有get()ask(请求)order(命令)persuade(说服)advise(劝告)like(喜欢)want(想要)tell()know(知道)help(帮助)call on(号召,请求),等等。如:

He got someone to repair the door.他请人修理门。

I persuaded my brother to change his mind.我说服我弟弟改变了主意。

The doctor advised him to take a good rest.大夫劝他好好休息。

在某些及物动词的复合宾语中,动词不定式须省掉too这些动词有:make(使)let()see()

watch()hear()have(使)feel(觉得)等。动词help后不定式的to可以省掉,也可以保留。如:

Make the past serve the present and foreign things serve China.古为今用,洋为中用。

He let me go home.他让我回家。

We must have someone repair the refrigerator.我们必须叫人来修电冰箱。

I heard him speak in the next room.我听到池在隔壁房间里讲话。

Mother is helping pat (to) clean her shoes.妈妈正帮蓓蒂刷鞋子。

[注一]上述句子变成被动语态时,动词不定式的to仍须保留。如

[英语语法手册]非限定动词 D

动词不定式的否定结构

动词不定式的否定结构由在不定式符号to之前加上not而成。如:

He decided not to go home.他决定不回家。

The teacher warned the pupils not to go skating on thin ice.教师警告学生不要在薄冰上滑冰。

I told him not to open the door.我叫他不要开门。

疑问词 + 动词不定式

疑问代词whowhatwhich和疑问副词whenwherehow等后加动词不定式,构成一种特殊的动词不定式短语,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。如:

When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(作主语)

They told her where to find her little brother.他们告诉她到哪里找她的小弟弟。(作宾语)

The teacher showed the students how to do the exercise.老师教学生如何做练习。(作宾语)

He thought a lot about how to improve his English pronunciation.他对如何提高英语语音想得很多。(作介词的宾语)

动词不定式复合结构"for + 名词(或代词宾格) + 动词不定式"

在这种结构中的for本身无意义。名词(或代词宾格)形式上是for的宾语,但在逻辑上可以说是动词不定式的主语。这种不定式复合结构在句子里可作下列成分:

1)主语

For us to learn foreign languages is important.学习外语对我们来说是重要的。

在句中,for us在逻辑上是to learn foreign languages的主语。这种结构作主语时,和简单的动词不定式结构一样,一般都用引词讧来代表并放在句首,"for + 名词 (或代词宾格) + 不定式"则放在句末。如:

It is important for us to learn foreign languages.

It is necessary for us to learn from each other.我们必须相互学习。

2)表语

It is for you to decide.这得由你决定。

3)宾语

Can you arrange for a car to take us there?你能安排一辆汽车送我们到那里去吗?

4)定语

There is a lo to work for us to do.有很多工作要我们去做。

5)状语

The policeman blew his whistle for the carts to stop.警察吹哨要那几辆大车停下来。(作目的状语)

 

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