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2019年大学英语六级阅读模拟试题(7)
A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more.
Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees,and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colors and various shapes. Insects are extremely useful to humans, pollinating (授粉)our crops as well as flowers in meadows, forests, deserts and other areas. But licks and some insects, such as mosquitoes and fleas, can transmit disease.
There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range, of natural and artificial foods—paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton，other insects, plants and animals Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.
A strong, hard but flexible shell covers their soft organs and is resistant to chemicals, water and physical impact. Their wings give them the option of flying away from dangerous situations or toward food or males. Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.
Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective color. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen (青苔),a seed or some other natural object Some insects use bright, bold colors to send warning signals that they taste bad,sting or are poison.Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Insects can be found in large amounts in the following places EXCEPT _____.
A.on the mountains with little air
B.in the cold polar areas
C.in the hot desert areas
D.in the open oceans
2.Insects protect themselves from chemicals by _______
A.hiding in tiny spaces
B.having a strong shell
C.flying away when necessary
D.changing colors or shapes
3.Some insects disguise like natural objects so as to ______
A.frighten away their enemies
B.avoid being discovered
C.send warning signals
D.look bitter-tasting
4.The passage mentions that insects ______.
A.can be found in any extreme environments
B.have survived longer than any other creatures
C.can be fed on any natural or man-made foods
D.are important for the growth of crops and flowers
5.The passage is mainly about ______
A.how insects survive in different places
B.why insects can survive so successfully
C.what insects can do to the environment
D.where insects can be found in quantity
参考答案及解析
1.[D] 事实细节题。本题考查对复合句的理解。本题涉及两个段落，第2段及第3段都提及昆虫大量生长的地方，第3段第3句中的The one place指出了答案。
2.[B] 事实细节题。本题考查对复杂句的理解。第4段第1句指出了答案。protect…from…是对resistant to的同义替换。
3.[B] 推理判断题。本题考查对长句的理解。最后一段第2句中的nearly invisible表明昆虫伪装是为了不被发现，因此B为正确选项。其他选项虽然都是昆虫伪装的目的，但都与伪装成自然物体无关。
4.[D] 推理判断题。本题考查对含有分词结构句子的理解。根据第2段倒数第2句中的useful及分词结构pollinating可推断昆虫对植物的生长有益处。选项A、B、C中都有any,过于绝对。由第3段第2、3句可知选项A不对。文章虽在开头指出昆虫存活的年代久远，但全文未提到它是存活时间最长的生物，所以选项B错误。至于昆虫的食物，第3段倒数第2句有提及,但只是a wide range of,由此可排除选项C。
5.[B] 主旨大意题。本文前两段首先描述了昆虫生存了很长的时间，并能在各种地方生长，然后引出文章要讨论的重点，即昆虫为什么能成功存活。第3段第1句为本文的中心句，因此本题正确选项为B。
2019年大学英语六级阅读模拟试题(8)
The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: "Store in the refrigerator."
In my fridge less Fifties childhood, 1 was fed well and healthy. The milkman came every day, the grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times each week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus(剩余的) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. Many well-tried techniques already existed -- natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling...
What refrigeration did promote was marketing --- marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the world in search of a good price.
Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the rich countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house -- while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and mm off your fridge next winter. You may not eat the hamburgers(汉堡包), but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The statement "In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily." suggests that______.
A.the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties.
B.the author was not accustomed to fridges even in his fifties.
C.there was no fridge in the author's home in the 1950s.
D.the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s.
2.Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?
A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.
B.Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.
C.Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.
D.People had effective ways to preserve their food.
3.Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?
A. Inventors.
B. Consumers.
C. Manufacturers.
D. Travelling salesmen.
4.Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge's negative effect on the environment?
A.“Hum away continuously”.
B.“Climatically almost unnecessary”.
C.“Artificially-cooled space”.
D.“With mild temperatures”.
5.What is the author's overall attitude toward fridges?
A. Neutral.
B. Critical.
C. Objective.
D. Compromising.
参考答案及解析
1.[C] 句意理解题。由句中的childhood可知，fifties指的应该是50年代，而不可能是50多岁，据此可排除A、B;fridgeless是合成词，由词根fridge"冰箱”和表示否定的后缀-less组成，由可推断其意为“无冰箱的"，故C正确。
2.[D] 事实细节题。在第2段中，说到“不会浪费东西”前，作者指出把吃剩的面包和牛奶做成蛋糕，以防止浪费，故D正确。A、C在文中并未提及，排除;B所述并非不浪费食物的原因，也可排除。
3.[B] 观点态度题。综观全文，作者对认为冰箱不是必备品，最后一段更明确指出，它对人类幸福的贡献微不足道，故可推断，消费者从冰箱中获益最少，故B正确。
4.[A] 词义理解题。A中的hum指"发出嗡嗡声",表明冰箱产生的嗓音，是对环境的负面作用，故正确。B、D只是指出冰箱在实际上没有必要使用的地区却被广泛使用;C仅说明冰箱是对人工加热房间的影响，并不能说明其对环境的影响，故排除。
5.[B] 观点态度题。考査作者的观点，可根据文中细节得出答案。第3段首提到，冰箱对保存食物没有多大贡献，最后一段首则指出它对环境的影响已是显而易见的，这些细节都表明作者对冰箱持批评态度。
2019年大学英语六级阅读模拟试题(9)
Moreover, insofar as any interpretation of its author can be made from the five or six plays attributed to him, the Wake field Master is uniformly considered to be a man of sharp contemporary observation. He was, formally, perhaps clerically educated, as his Latin and music, his Biblical and patristic lore indicate. He is, still, celebrated mainly for his quick sympathy for the oppressed and forgotten man, his sharp eye for character, a ready ear for colloquial vernacular turns of speech and a humor alternately rude and boisterous, coarse and happy. Hence despite his conscious artistry as manifest in his feeling for intricate metrical and stanza forms, he is looked upon as a kind of medieval Steinbeck, indignantly angry at, uncompromisingly and even brutally realistic in presenting the plight of the agricultural poor.
Thus taking the play and the author together, it is mow fairly conventional to regard the former as a kind of ultimate point in the secularization of the medieval drama. Hence much emphasis on it as depicting realistically humble manners and pastoral life in the bleak hills of the West Riding of Yorkshire on a typically cold bight of December 24th. After what are often regarded as almost “documentaries” given in the three successive monologues of the three shepherds, critics go on to affirm that the realism is then intensified into a burlesque mock-treatment of the Nativity. Finally as a sort of epilogue or after-thought in deference to the Biblical origins of the materials, the play slides back into an atavistic mood of early innocent reverence. Actually, as we shall see, the final scene is not only the culminating scene but perhaps the raisond’ etre of introductory “realism.”
There is much on the surface of the present play to support the conventional view of its mood of secular realism. All the same, the “realism” of the Wake field Master is of a paradoxical turn. His wide knowledge of people, as well as books indicates no cloistered contemplative but one in close relation to his times. Still, that life was after all a predominantly religious one, a time which never neglected the belief that man was a rebellious and sinful creature in need of redemption, So deeply (one can hardly say “naively” of so sophisticated a writer) and implicitly religious is the Master that he is less able (or less willing) to present actual history realistically than is the author of the Brome “Abraham and Isaac”. His historical sense is even less realistic than that of Chaucer who just a few years before had done for his own time costume romances, such as The Knight’s Tale, Troilus and Cressida, etc. Moreover Chaucer had the excuse of highly romantic materials for taking liberties with history.
练习题
1. Which of the following statements about the Wake field Master is NOT True?
[A]. He was Chaucer’s contemporary.
[B]. He is remembered as the author of five or six realistic plays.
[C]. He write like John Steinbeck.
[D]. HE was an accomplished artist.
2. By “patristic”, the author means
[A]. realistic. [B]. patriotic
[C]. superstitious. [C]. pertaining to the Christian Fathers.
3. The statement about the “secularization of the medieval drama” refers to the
[A]. introduction of mundane matters in religious plays.
[B]. presentation of erudite material.
[C]. use of contemporary introduction of religious themes in the early days.
4. In subsequent paragraphs, we may expect the writer of this passage to
[A]. justify his comparison with Steinbeck.
[B]. present a point of view which attack the thought of the second paragraph.
[C]. point out the anachronisms in the play.
[D]. discuss the works of Chaucer.
Vocabulary
1. clerically educated 受过教会教育的
2. lore 口头传说，口头文字
3. patristic 有关早期基督教领袖的
4. vernacular 方言
5. boisterous 喧闹的
6. metrical 韵律的
7. stanza 诗节
8. medieval 中世纪的
9. plight 悲惨的命运
10. secularization 世俗化，脱离教会
11. pastoral 乡村的
12. bleak 荒凉的
13. documentary 记录文献的
14. monologue 独白
15. burlesque 诙谐或游戏诗文的，讽刺或滑稽的
16. Nativity 基督的诞生
17. epilogue 收场白
18. deference 敬意，尊重
19. atavistic 返祖的，隔代遗传的
20. slide back to 滑回，这里指返回
21. raison d’etre 存在的理由
22. all the same 即便如此
23. paradoxical turn 自相矛盾的说法
24. cloistered 隐居的
25. contemplative 好冥想的人(如僧侣)
26. the contemplative life 宗教上冥想的生涯
27. redemption 赎罪
28. mundane 世俗的，现世的
29. erudite 博学的，饱学之士
30. anachronism 时代错误，与时代不合的事物
答案祥解
1. C. 他象斯坦贝克一样写。第一段作者说他是一位公认的对当时代具有敏锐洞察力的作家。现在仍然享有盛名。主要在于“他对被压迫和被遗忘的人民的同情，有着对人物性格了解的犀利眼光，对日常方言的曲折转意的“耳朵”。他的幽默粗放而又喧闹，粗鲁而又愉快。因此，尽管他有意识的艺术效果(性)，明显表现在他对复杂韵律和诗节的感受力上，人们仍然尊他为中世纪的斯坦贝克，对贫苦农民悲惨命运的疾首愤怒，给以毫不妥协地甚至野性地真实描述”。这段话说明，文内两位作家之共同点是在内容观点上。而不是指一样的艺术形式上。韦克菲尔德写的是诗歌形式——韵文，而斯坦贝克是小说和散文剧。所以说他像斯坦贝克那样写就错了。故选C.
A. 他是乔叟同时代人，见最后一句“他的历史观点的现实主义稍逊于乔叟。乔叟在几年前就为其时代写了一本传奇。” B. 他是作为五或六本现实之剧本的作者而为人纪念。本文第一句话“只能从他写的五个或六个剧本来说明这位作者。” D. 他是一位有成就的艺术家。
2. D. Patristic 义：为关于早期基督教领袖的。第一段中his Biblical and Patristic lore indicate的意思是“他那有关圣经和早期基督教领袖们的歌谣。”
A. 现实主义的。 B. 爱国的。 C. 迷信的。
3. A. 在宗教剧中介绍世俗之事。见第二段中的secularization义：世俗化，脱离教会。这一整段都讲了韦剧中对世俗之事的描述：“拿剧本和作者两者一起讲的话，现在习惯于把他的剧本看作中世纪戏剧世俗化的一个顶点。因此，对他世俗化强调常以一个例子来说明，即他现实主义的描述12月24日一个寒冷的夜晚，在约克郡西区荒凉的山里的那种粗陋的习俗和乡村的生活;在常被人认为几乎是‘记录文献’的三个牧人三段连续的独白之后，批评家们继续认为他的现实主义在此时被强化到以讽刺嘲弄的口吻处理了基督的诞生。最后，作者收场白或事后的补充，对材料的来源圣经表示敬意。剧本又滑回到早期纯洁无邪(天真)的崇敬，一种返祖基调中去。事实上最后一幕不仅是全剧的高潮，也许还是“现实主义”引言存在的理由。”这一段清楚表明。批评者认为宗教只是作者的收场白，计划外的添加剂而已。
B. 表现渊博知识材料。 C. 应用当代材料。太笼统。当代也有宗教之事。
D. 介绍早期宗教题材。
4. B. 表达抨击第二段思想的观点。这个问题最难回答，其所以选择B，是因为本人作者并不同意流行的观点。他在讲完“常规看法”有，用引导来谈“纪实文献”和“现实主义”。这说明作者之含义并不是这两个词的本义。这段最后一句话“事实上，最后一幕……”表明：最后一幕有宗教内容，而“现实主义”不过处于introductory阶段。第三段点明作者的观点“现在的戏剧表面上有许多支持世俗现实主义模式的观点。韦之‘现实主义’有一个自相矛盾的特点。他对人和书本的广泛的了解表明：“他不是与世隔绝，而是和时代紧密相连的。再说，那时的生活毕竟是全方位的宗教。那时代绝不会忽视这种信仰——人是叛逆和有罪的生灵，需要赎罪。大师是那么深沉含蓄的信奉宗教，因而他比布罗姆作者更不可能(更不愿)现实主义地表现真正的历史。他的历史感现实性甚至比乔叟更不现实主义。乔叟早在前几年为他的时代写了‘类似’骑士的故事”。“特罗依拉斯和克莱西德”等传奇。再说，乔叟以高度浪漫的材料为借口对历史事实任意处理。”所以说，我们可以期望作者在下面一步发挥自己的观点，抨击第二段的看法。
A. 他和斯坦贝克的比较是公平的。 C. 指出剧中时代错误。 D. 讨论乔叟作品。
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