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2019年大学英语六级阅读模拟试题(4)
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.
The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.
Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.
1. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____
[A]its drastically decreased population
[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage
[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists
[D]the insistence of private landowners
2.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____
[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure
[B]would involve fewer agencies in action
[C]granted less federal regulatory power
[D]went against conservation policies
3.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____
[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation
[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job
[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
4.According to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species in______
[A]the federal government
[B]the wildlife agencies
[C]the landowners
[D]the states
5.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______
[A]industry groups
[B]the win-win rhetoric
[C]environmental groups
[D]the plan under challenge
参考答案及解析
1 .A its drastically decreased population
解析：此题是原因细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段But前后关于lesser prairie chickens 数量2million和22,000的强烈对比。此外第二段第二句“the lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation”都可以得知A its drastically decreased population 数量的急剧下降为正确答案。
2 .C granted less federal regulatory powers
Grant 动词-同意允许;授予赋予
名词-补贴
解析：此题是原因细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段第四句，They had …, a state that gives federal officials greater regulatory power. 而But 之后是截然相反的事实，即政府授予了更少的管理权。故而C granted less federal regulatory powers为正确答案。
3 .A agree to pay a sum for compensation赔偿补偿 薪酬
解析：推断题。题干问的是从第三段推出来：无意伤害的那些人是不会被检举的如果怎么样。根据题干定位到第三段首句“it would not prosecute….as long as ….”，题干中问的if即原文的as long as的同意替换，原文as long as的意思是：只要他们签署了计划。下一句说道，该计划要求个体和企业去支付基金。对应选项A选项“赞同支付赔偿”属于同义替换。
4 .D the states
解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词定位到第三段最后一句the idea is to let the“states”remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species, Ashe said. 其中in the driver’s seat对应题干中的the leading role, 故而D states为正确答案。
5 .C environmental groups群体团体
解析：文中人物观点题。题干问的是Jay Lininger最可能支持谁，大写人名定位到末段最后一句。最后一句提到：生物学家Jay Lininger说道联邦政府要把责任推给导致鸟类灭绝的企业，显然是对政府和企业的反对。再往前看一句，指出：企业团体和政府部门观点一致，环境学家与其观点恰巧一致。因此，Jay Lininger最支持环境团体的观点了。
2019年大学英语六级阅读模拟试题(5)
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks — isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print and sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but risking to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Pere.
Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about do, it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”
Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you are overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said, “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year — more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.
“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”
1. The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to
[A] the pressure form its investors
[B] the complaints from its readers
[C] the high cost of operation
[D] the increasing online ad sales.
2.Peretti suggests that.in face of the present situation, the Times should
[A] make strategic adjustments
[B] end the print edition for good
[C] seek new sources of readership
[D] aim for efficient management
3.It can be inferred front Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”
[A] will have the cost of printing reduced.
[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.
[C] helps restore the glory of former times.
[D] expands the popularity of the paper.
4. Peretti believes that in a changing world,
[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.
[B] aggressiveness better meets challenges.
[C] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.
[D] legacy businesses are becoming outdated.
5 . Which of the following would be the best title of the text
[A] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good
[B] Keep Your Newspaper Forever in Fashion
[C] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand
[D] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once
参考答案及解析
1.【答案】[C]
【解析】细节题。题干问的是《纽约时报》考虑停止纸质版新闻印刷出版的原因是什么。文章首段首句即是此内容的同义表达，第二段解释具体原因，第二句：The infrastructure...isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. 意思是纸质印刷所要求的基础设施不仅仅贵而且多余，因为他们的网络竞争对手没有这样的经济上的限制。[C]项“运行的高成本”是对原文内容的总结，故正确。[A]项 来自于投资者的压力，[B]项 来自于读者的投诉，[D]项 网络广告销售的增长，这三项在文中均未提及，故排除。
2.【答案】[A]
【解析】细节题。题干问的是：面对目前的形势，Peretti建议《纽约时报》怎么做。根据信号词Peretti回原文中定位至第四段，首句内容是Peretti说《纽约时报》不该浪费时间去想着如何停止纸质印刷，而应该找到一种正确的方法去解决这件事。接着第二句Peretti说找到一种方式来促进这种转变会对他们来说有用处。可知Peretti认为《纽约时报》应当做出一些改变而非停止纸质版的发行，[A]项“做出策略上的调整”是对原文的同义转述，故正确。[B]项 永远结束纸质版，与原文意思相反，故排除;[C]项 寻求新的读者资源，[D]项 以高效的管理为目标，在原文中未提及，故排除。
3.【答案】[B]
【题型】推断题。
【解析】题干意思为：从第五、六段可以推断出“传承产品” 。根据信号词legacy product定位到第五段最后一句：I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.不仅要提高价格还要将它变为一种遗留品。单单这一句不足以做出选择，需要继续往下看在第六段中有没有对于这个词的解释。第六段开头提到了他认为大部分忠实的消费者依旧会坚持购买他们喜欢的产品，而且他们会认为是在帮助维持他们所信任的产品的质量。可见Peretti认为忠实的购买者不会有改变，如果可以每年增加一些比例，那么依旧是可以创收的。紧接着出现了in other worlds(换句话说)，如果我们要做这些print product(印刷产品)，那就为那些已经痴迷于他们的人而做吧。[B]项“是为多数忠实的顾客设计的”，是对原文内容的同义替换，为正确答案。[A]项 会降低印刷成本，[C]项 重建以往的荣耀，[D]项 扩大报纸的受欢迎程度，这三项均在文中未提及，故排除。
4.【答案】[B]
【题型】细节题。
【解析】题干以为：Peretti认为，在一个变化的世界里 。根据信号词Peretti和changing world可回文中定位到文章最后一段，由最后一段可知Peretti认为在市场在变化、世界在变化的情况中，更有进取心是更好的。[B]项“进取精神可以更好地迎接挑战”，本项是对原文的同义转述，故正确。[A]项 传统的奢侈品不会受到影响，在文中未提及，故排除;[C]项 谨慎小心促进问题的解决，与原文意思相反，故排除;[D]项 传统产业正在变得过时，在文中未提及，故排除。
5.【答案】[A]
【题型】主旨题。
【解析】全文由《纽约时报》纸质版终有一天会面临倒闭的危机引出话题，重点阐述Peretti对此问题的看法：《纽约时报》纸质版应该考虑转型——为大部分忠实的顾客提供遗留品。后面接着阐述了如何将《纽约时报》做成这种专为忠实的顾客制作的高价遗留品。[A]项“将你的印刷报纸做成一个奢侈品”，a luxury good是对原文中提到的高价“legacy product”的同义转述，故正确。B.始终保持你的报纸时尚前沿，[C]项 珍惜你手中仍然拥有的报纸，[D]项 立刻转向网络在线报纸，均不是本文要的主旨，故排除。
2019年大学英语六级阅读模拟试题(6)
The Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate (硅酸盐) that are semi-molten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust There are two kinds of crust, a lower and denser oceanic crust and an upper，lighter continental crust found over only about 40 percent of the Earth's surface. The rocks of the crust are of very different ages. Some continental rocks are over 3,000 million years old, while those of the ocean floor are less than 200 million years old. The crusts and the top, solid part of the mantle, totaling about 70 to 100 kilometers in thickness, at present appear to consist of about 15 rigid plates, 7 of which are very large. These plates move over the semi-molten lower mantleto produce all of the major topographical(地形学的)features of the Earth. Active zones where intense deformation occur are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.
There are three main types of zones of contact: spreading contacts where plates move apart, converging contacts where plates move towards each other, and transform contacts where plates slide past each other. Newoceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth' s crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions (爆发) of lava (火山熔岩) at mid-ocean ridges. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents，a rift(裂缝) is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the tea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates moved in opposite directions. When two plates carrying continents collide, the continental blocks,too light to be drawn down, continue to float and therefore buckle (起褶皱) to form a mountain chain along the length of the margin of the plates.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The Earth’s crust______.
A.can be classified into two types
B.is formed along the margins of the plates
C.consists of semi-molten rocks
D.is about 70 to 100 kilometers thick
2.The 15 plates of the Earth are formed from ___.
A.the oceanic crusts and continental crusts
B.the crusts and the mantle
C.the crusts and the top and solid part of the mantle
D.the continental crusts and the solid part of the mantle
3.Seriously-deformed zones appear _______
A.whenever the crusts move over mantle
B.when the plates move towards each other
C.in the narrow boundaries where two plates meet
D.to be the major topographical feature of the Earth
4.According to the second paragraph, the formation of the Atlantic Ocean is the example of_______.
A.spreading contacts
B.the influence of volcanic eruptions
C.converging contacts
D.transform contacts
5.This passage is probably_______.
A.a newspaper advertisement
B.a chapter of a novel
C.an excerpt from a textbook
D.a scientific report of new findings
参考答案及解析
1.[A] 事实细节题。选项A与文章第1段第2句所述一致，为正确答案。此类题可采用排除法。根据第2段第2句的内容可以知道选项B所指的只是地壳中的一种.而不是所有地壳。选項C与文章第1句的内容不符。选項D的主语应该是地壳和上层的地幔，不仅仅是地壳。
2.[C] 推理判断题。此题可定位到第1段倒数第3句。题干中的15 plates是原文该句中的宾语，且该句的谓语中心词是consist of(由......组成)，题干的谓语是are formed from，这意思一致，但题目用的是被动语态。表明答案可从原文该句的主语得到。主语中的top和solid并列修饰part of the mantle。选项C为该句的同义替换，故正确。
3.[C] 亊实细节题。选项C是对第1段最后一句的同义改写。文章中没有提到选项A中the crusts move over mantle 这种现象;选项B提到的现象在第2段第1句才讨论到，与题干无关;文中也没有提到严重变形的地区是地球的主要地形特征，因此选项D不正确。
4.[A] 亊实细节题。第2段主要分成两部分：第一部分谈板块活动的三种形式，第二部分分别举例说明其中在说明spreading contacts时，引用了大西洋的例子："The Atlantic Ocean formed like this..."，所以答案为A。
5. [C] 主旨大意题。由本文的语言风格和描述内容可以判定这篇文章既不是商业性的，也不是文学性的同时文中叙述的内容具有科普性质，不可能是太前沿性的，因此A、B、D三项都不正确，选项C为此题答案。
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