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2019年英语四级阅读理解模拟试题：测试吸烟
Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate.” Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster， but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but al so had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. “As our tests became more complex.”Sums up Spilich,“non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins”He predicts,“smokers might per form adequately at many jobs-until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.”
这是一篇说明文，讲的是关于测试吸烟是否有助于思考和集中精力的实验。
1. The purpose of George Spilich's experiments is _______.
A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
C) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
D) to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory
2. George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to _______.
A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
D) register the prompt responses of the subjects
3. The word“bested”(Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means _______.
A) beat B) envied C) caught up with D) made the best of
4. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
5. We can infer from the last paragraph that _______.
A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
C) no airline pilots smoke during flights
D) smokers may prove unequal to handing emergency cases
参考答案及解析
1、[答案及分析]：[A]事实辨认题，依据是第1段的两句话。
2、[答案及分析]：[B]本题问G有S的实验是以下列哪 种方式进行的。文章第2段说the first test是simple test,第3段开头说第2个实验more complex，最后一段开头说“随着测试逐渐变得复杂，不吸烟的人越来越比吸烟者做得好”，由此可见,George Spilich进行这种测试时以由易到难的顺序进行的。因而B项正确。
3、[答案及分析]：[A]词义推断题。我们可以看出该被要求推断词 义的词所在的上下文意为：没有被允许吸烟的人忧于那些在测试前片刻吸过烟的人。best在此句中是动词，意思应该是“优于、超过”。而四个选项的意思分别是：beat(击败，战胜)catch up with(赶上)make the best of(充分利用)。可以看出,best和beat意思最为接近。
4、[答案及分析]：[C]根据第2段第2句可知C项正确：另外，根据倒数第2段的后两句、第3段第2句可知A、B、D均不正确。
5、[答案及分析]：[D]与本题有关的信息在最后一段两句：Spilich认为，吸烟者能胜任并不复杂的工作，但不能胜行复杂的任务。一个吸烟的飞行员不出现任何问题时能称职也驾驶飞机飞行。但是一旦出现问题，吸烟就会损害他的大脑工作能力。
2019年英语四级阅读理解模拟试题：手机成了儿童玩具
When the Kids' Favorite Toy Is Daddy's iPhone
Yesterday, my toddler broke another toy. But this wasn't an inexpensive, plastic doo-dad. It was my husband's iPhone.
Like many parents these days, my husband and I sometimes band over our smartphones to our son to soothe him or keep him entertained. It's partly laziness on our party---no other toy, it seems, can captivate him like the iPhone or BlackBerry. He's fascinated by the buttons and touchscreen, the sounds and lights. He hold it up to his ear and pretends he's making an important business call (or arranging a playdate with his best friend.) He somehow even managed to reprogram my BlackBerry to autotype in the Catalan language.
When we take away the BlackBerry or iPhone he wails; no other plaything even a pretty realistic toy cellphone satisfies him as much. (The marketing copy for the toy phone says "This authentic looking play phone will surely distract your child from getting a hold of your cell phone!" Ha! I wish.)
We often hide our phones-we don't want him to ruin them or grow too dependent on them but be almost always tracks them down once he hears the ring or the buzz of an incoming message. (Hiding a phone is tough, however, for those parents who need to have phones handy in case they're on call or the office beckons.) And when we pick up the phone or check messages, that only makes our son want the phone more, since he always wants whatever is in our hands.
Invariably, my son sticks the phone in his mouth and it ends up slobbery and pocked with bitemarks. Or when be eventually tires of the phone, he'll toss it aside, which is how my husband's iPhone met its recent doom.
We're not alone in using our cellphones as high-tech rattles. The AP recently ran a story on how more parents are downloading kid-friendly apps, such as white noise and rattle sounds and easy video games, to their cellphones. And according to a recent NPR report, one parent to encourage his 11-month-old baby to crawl, waves his Blackberry so the baby will crawl toward the gadget.
Readers, do you ever resort to handing over your smartphones to your kids? Any horror stories? Any good kid-friendly apps to recommend?
何时老爸手机成了儿童玩具了
昨天，我家宝宝又弄坏了一个玩具。但这可不是便宜的塑料小玩意儿。那是我丈夫的iPhone手机。
跟当前的许多父母一样，我们两口子有时会把自己的智能手机给儿子玩，以此来哄他或者逗他。在我们来说这样做一部分是因为懒——似乎没有别的玩具能像iPhone或黑莓一样让他着迷。他被手机上的按键、触摸屏和声光深深吸引。他将手机举在耳边，假装在打一个重要的商业电话(或是跟好朋友约好一起去玩)。他甚至还不知怎么将我的黑莓手机调成了加泰罗尼亚语的输入模式。
要是我们拿走黑莓或者iPhone，他就会大哭;别的任何玩具都没法像手机一样满足他，即便是相当逼真的玩具手机也不例外。(这个玩具手机的宣传页上写着“这部看上去跟真的一模一样的玩具手机肯定能转移孩子的注意力，让他们不再染指你的手机!”哈!但愿如此。)
我们常常将于机藏起来，不想让他给弄坏了或是对手机太过依赖，但只要他听到铃声或信息提示音，他总能找到。(但有些父母需要将手机放在手边以备随时待命或公司有事，在这样的情况下很难藏起手机。)而当我们接电话或是查看信息时，小家伙只会更想拿到手机，因为我们手里不管拿着什么他都想要。
我儿子无可避免地会将手机放进嘴里，最后手机上就会沾满了口水，还满是牙印。或者等他终于玩腻了，他就会将手机乱扔，我丈夫的iPhone不久前就是这样惨遭不幸的。
拿手机当高科技玩具的并不是只有我们两个。美联社(AP)不久前的一篇报道称，越来越多的父母往手机里下载适合孩子的应用程序，比如白噪音和铃鼓的声音，还有简单的视频游戏。美国国家公共电台(NPR)最近的一则报道说，一位父亲为了鼓励11个月大的孩子爬，就挥动他的黑莓手机，这样孩子就会朝手机那边爬去。
读者们，你们有没有拿手机当玩具哄过孩子?有没有什么惨痛的故事?有什么适合孩子的应用程序可以推荐吗?
句型讲解：
1. We often hide our phones-we don't want him to ruin them or grow too dependent on them but he almost always tracks them down once he hears the ring or the buzz of an incoming message.
本句是一个复合句，主句是由 but引导的并列的句子。破折号后面 we don't...on them是对we often hide our phones的目的的补充说明。其中 or引导两个并列的动词短语。once引导时间状语从句，其中or连接两个并列的名词短语。
语法重点：并列结构，时间状语从句
2. And when we pick up the phone or check messages, that only makes our son want the phone more, since he always wants whatever is in our hands.
本句是一个复合句，主句是 that only makes our son want the phone more. when引导时间状语从句，since引导原因状语从句，其中whatever引导的名词性从句作want的宾语。
语法重点：时间状语从句，原因状语从句，名词性从句
3. The AP recently ran a story on how more parents are downloading kid-friendly apps, such as white noise and rattle sounds and easy video games, to their cellphones.
本句是一个复合句，其中how引导的名词性从句作on的宾语。such as表示举例。
语法重点：名词性从句
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