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2018年下半年英语四级阅读理解练习题：选词填空(1)
The first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens(雅典) in 1896 and only twelve nations participated. Besides the host nation participants were tourists who __1__to be in Greece at the time. Though the whole affair was __2__ and the standard was not high, the old principle of amateur sport was kept up. Since then the games had been held every four years except during the __3__ of the two World War. This was__4__ a departure from the old Olympic spirit when wars had to stop and make way for the games. The games have grown enormously in scale and __5__ performances have now reached unprecedented heights. Unfortunately the same cannot be said about their __6__ standard. Instead of Olympia, the modern games are now held in differentcities all over the world. Inevitably politics and commercialismget involved as countries vie each other for(为......而互相竞争) the __7__ to hold the games because of the political prestige and commercial profit to be __8__ out of them. In the 11th games held in Berlin in 1936, Hitler who had newly come to __9__ in Germany tried to use the occasion for his Nazi propaganda. For the first time the Olympic flame was brought all the way from Olympia to the games site in relays, a marathon journey now often taking months to __10__.
[A]honour
[B]accomplish
[C]had
[D]moral
[E]arrive
[F]occured
[G]end
[H]power
[I]happened
[J]definitely
[K]Physical
[L]informal
[M]interruption
[N]especially
[O]irregular
参考答案：
1.选I
2.选L
3.选M
4.选J
5.选K
6.选D
7.选A
8.选C
9.选H
10.选B
2018年下半年英语四级阅读理解练习题：选词填空(2)
It’s never easy to admit you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need to know the art of apologizing. Look back with honesty and think how often you’ve judged roughly, said __1__ things, pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend. Then count the occasions when you indicated clearly and __2__ that you were sorry. A bit frightening, isn't it? Frightening because some deep wisdom in us knows that when even a small wrong has been committed, some mysterious moral feeling is __3__, and it stays out of balance until fault is acknowledged and __4__ is expressed. I remember a doctor friend, telling me about a man who came to him with a variety of signs:headaches, insomnia and stomach trouble. No __5__ cause could be found. Finally my friend said to the man, "Unless you tell me what’s worrying you, I can’t help you." After some hesitation, the man __6__ that, as executor of his faher’s will, he had been cheating his brother, who lived abroad, of his __7__. Then and there the wise old doctor made the man write to his brother asking __8__ and enclosing a cheque as the first stePin restoring their good relation. He then went with him to mail box in the corridor. As the letter disappeared, the man burst into tears. "Thank you," He said, "I think I’m __9__." And he was. A heartfelt apology can not only __10__ a damaged relationshiPbut also make it stronger. If you can think of someone who deserves an apology from you, someone you have wronged, or just neglected, do something about it right now.
[A] heal
[B] mental
[C] unkind
[D] regret
[E] accurately
[F] confessed
[G] inheritance
[H] physical
[I] cured
[J] treat
[K] truly
[L] unfaithful
[M] forgiveness
[N] disturbed
[O] excuse
参考答案：
1.选C
2.选K
3.选N
4.选D
5.选H
6.选F
7.选G
8.选M
9.选I
10.选A
2018年下半年英语四级阅读理解练习题：选词填空(3)
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive(认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for __8__ achievement ends uPwith uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and __9__ failing grades.
In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows __10__ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
[A]mental
[B]promise
[C]kill
[D]avoid
[E]hope
[F]especially
[G]aid
[H]ordinary
[I]approval
[J]monetary
[K]generally
[L]improve
[M]challenging
[N]restore
[O]excellent
参考答案：
1.L
2.I
3.F
4.J
5.G
6.M
7.C
8.H
9.N
10.B
2018年下半年英语四级阅读理解练习题：选词填空(4)
Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts __1__ questions, and so on.
For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become __2__ of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between __3__ and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level.
Different people __4__ with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is __5__ in the text. The latter represents __6__ levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.
There is another conversation which from our point of view is __7__ important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as __8__ to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the __9__ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well __10__. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation.
[A]opposed
[B]converse
[C]equally
[D]written
[E]developed
[F]strategies
[G]compared
[H]awake
[I]higher
[J]expectations
[K]deal
[L]absolutely
[M]aware
[N]better
[O]further
参考答案：
1.O
2.M
3.J
4.B
5.D
6.I
7.C
8.A
9.F
10.E
2018年下半年英语四级阅读理解练习题：选词填空(5)
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested inspelling .No school I have taught in has ever __1__ spelling or considered it unimportantas a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or howmuch __2__ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. Theproblem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and __3__ in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?If spelling become the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a __4__ child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid __5__ language. That’s why teachers often __6__ the early use ofdictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing abouta personal experience ：“ This work is __7__! There are far too many spelling errors andyour writing is illegible(难以辨认的).” It may have been a sharp__8__ of the pupil’stechnical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omittedto read the essay, which __9__ some beautiful expressions of the child’s deePfeelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centredon the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would havegiven the pupil more __10__ to seek improvement.
[A]priority
[B]criticism
[C]contained
[D]clearly
[E]adventurous
[F]discourage
[G]motivation
[H]terrible
[I]ignored
[J]difficult
[K]encourage
[L]expressed
[M]confidently
[N]bright
[O]motive
参考答案：
1.I
2.A
3.M
4.N
5.E
6.K
7.H
8.D
9.C
10.G
2018年下半年英语四级阅读理解练习题：选词填空(6)
Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticismfrom coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessiveamount of __1__ or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychologicaland research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as __2__ orquitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are __3__ years for learning about oneself. The sport settingis one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to__4__ with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives.Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can __5__affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find aflaw(缺陷) in themselves.Coaches and parents should also be __6__ that youth sport participation does not become workfor children. That outcome of the game should not be more important than the __7__ of learning thesport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying moreabout who will win instead of __8__ themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents andcoaches __9__ on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcementshould be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivatesand has a greater effect on learning that criticism. Again, criticism can create __10__ levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
[A]process
[B]high
[C]enjoying
[D]anxiety
[E]settle
[F]cautious
[G]cooperate
[H]greatly
[I]dropping
[J]hardly
[K]intense
[L]focus
[M]aspiration
[N]critical
[O]procedure
参考答案：
1.D
2.I
3.N
4.G
5.H
6.F
7.A
8.C
9.L
10.B
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