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高考英语语法:高中英语语法-重难点词语精析

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2011-08-29 16:54

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重难点词语精析

一、常用词语

1. exercise 意为“习题;(书面)练习”时为可数名词。例如:

Study the lesson, and then do the exercises at the end.

学课文,然后做后面的练习。

exercise 还可表示“(体育或器官)运动;活动;锻炼”,笼统指运动时为不可数名词;指具体某项运动时为可数名词。例如:

If you don't take / get more exercise, you'll get fat.

你不多锻炼就会发胖。

gymnastic exercises 体操运动

breathing exercises 呼吸运动

2. cover 意为“盖,遮盖;采访,报道”。例如:

The ruins were soon covered by thick forests.

废墟很快被茂密的树林所覆盖。

Reporters are then sent to cover the events.

然后记者被派去采访这个事件。

试体会 cover 在不同语境中的词义变化:

He covers 5 kilometers an hour.

他每小时行走 5 公里。

How many pages have you covered?

你已读完 / 讲完 / 学完多少页了?

The temple covers an area of 2,000 square meters.

这座庙宇的面积有 2000 平方米。

3. “ stop + sb + ( from ) doing ”和“ prevent + sb + ( from ) doing ”意为“阻止某人做某事”,口语中常可省略 from ,但接被动形式时 from 不可省。例如:

There was nothing to stop / prevent him ( from ) going abroad.

(= There was nothing to stop / prevent his going abroad. )

没有什么事情可以阻止他出国。

Who stops / prevents his plan from being carried out?

是谁妨碍他执行计划?

另外,“ protect+ 宾+ from / against …”还可表示“保护……”。例如:

Finally another material is painted onto the stones which will protect them from water for ever.

最后,另一种材料被涂到石头上,这将永远阻止水对石头的侵害。

4. apologize ( to sb ) for doing sth 意为“因做某事向某人道歉”。相似的表达还有: thank /excuse / pardon / praise / … for doing sth. 例如:

He apologize to me for stepping on my foot.

他为踩到我的脚而向我道歉。

5. devote … to …意为“把……奉献 / 用于……”, devote 后可接表时间、精力等的名词; to 在此为介词,其后接名词、宾格代词和动名词,类似的有 refer to, pay attention to, stick to, get down to, attend to, see to 等。如:

She devoted herself to tennis in her teens.

少女时代她热衷于网球。

He devoted his whole life to protecting the wild animals.

他一生致力于保护野生动物。

二、常用句型

1. “ do / does / did +动词原形”结构可以用来加强语气。例如:

And in the end he did land us safe.

最后他的确让我们安全登陆了。

Do be on time!

务必准时!

2. “ It is / was ( high ) time …”意为“该做某事了 / 到了该做某事的时候了”,此结构要使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式或“ should + 动词原形”形式。例如:

It is time that we got ready for the final examination.

该是我们为期末考试做准备的时候了。

It is time that we went / should go.

我们该走了。

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