2011年08月08日 07时16分，《英语网:自考英语（二）辅导资料：现在完成时》由出国留学网liuxue86.com英语编辑整理.
现在完成时
1.基本用法
(1)在过去不确定时间里发生的并与现在有着某种联系的动作，体现的是影响或结果。
（2）动作开始于过去并持续到现在的动作。（现在完成进行时）。
2.基本结构
主+have(has)+动词的过分
注意其肯定、否定、疑问变化，动词的过去分词变化规律（略）。
3.现在完成时的时间状语
Already,yet,just,recently,so far,for,since,up to now,in the past 2 years.
I’ve worked in the company for 2 years.
(1)如果完成时句子中后跟(for+一般时间）时，其谓语动词须是持续性动词;但如若后面未跟一段时间则可以用短暂性动词；如果完成句是否定句且谓语是短暂性动词，则后可跟一段时间。
They’ve come to visit us from time to time.
(2)相关动词的相应转换
borrow→keep(have)
come back→be back
He died 5 years ago.
He has been dead for 5 years.
He left his hometown many years ago
He has been away for many years.
4.相关难点
（1）have gone(to)have been(to)
(2)完成时与since(从句)
一般since从句中用的都是短暂性动词的过去时。
He has been ill since I saw him last.
(3)如若since从句中用的是持续性动词（静态动词）的过去时，则含义不同，其表示从句动作的完成或结束。
The house has been in bad repair since he lived in it.
The house has been in bad repair since he moved out.
I haven’t eaten snails since I was a student at Indiana University.
I haven’t eaten snails since I left Indiana University.
(4)如若since从句中的动作或状态延续到说话时间，通常要用持续性动词或表状态动词的现在完成时。
He has written to me frequenthy since I was ill.
自从病愈以来……
He has written to me frequenthy since I have been ill.
自从我生病以来……
I haven’t seen you since I’ve been back.
I haven’t seen you since I was back.
(5)区别
The house has been in bad repair since he lived in it.
The house has been in bad repair since he has lived in it.
He has stayed here for 3 hours.
He stayed here (since) 3 hours ago.
He has stayed here since 3 O’clock.
(6)在表示“第……次做某事”时常使用现在完成时。
It’s the 1st good meal I’ve had for ages.
It’s the 3rd time this has happened.
It’ll be the 1st time I’ve spoken in public.
(7)如果It之后的be动词用的是was,则that分句中通常用过去完成时。
It was the 1st time he hadn’t worked on Saturday.
It was the 1st time she’d been at a summer school and she thoroughly enjoyed it.
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