英语:2012考研英语英汉翻译高分攻略[1]

2011年08月01日 05时08分，《英语:2012考研英语英汉翻译高分攻略[1]》由出国留学网liuxue86.com英语编辑整理.
w to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important，but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull，it selects，and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.63）The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago，and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood，however，effects once assigned to states of mind，feelings，and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions，and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems，however，until it replaces traditional per scientific views，and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.64）They are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theory，and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends? 65）Until these issues are resolved，a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
首先通读文章。该篇主要讲的是:我们人类的一些主要问题只有借助行为科学才能解决。而行为科学的发展与人类认知环境对人类行为的影响密切相关。研究行为的技术手段存在的前提是它取代传统的科学理论。传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的自由和尊严是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定。但科学分析把这一切都归因于环境的作用。谁来使用这种技术手段?以及到什么样的程度?研究行为的技术手段只有在这些问题得到解决之后才有可能不继续受到排斥。
在通读之后，我们再来分析理解划线的句子。
一般来说，英汉两种语言在句子的结构上有较大的差异。英译汉试题中复合句、长难句较多，考生在答题时首先要弄清原文的句法结构，找出句子的中心内容，理清各层的意思，然后分析各层意思间的关系，最后按照汉语的特点译出原文。
请看第61句。这是一个复合句，结构不太复杂。句子的框架是One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to…。that引导表语从句，在这个表语从句中包含了一个由what引导的宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。表语从句的主语是almost all of…，谓语动词是continues。虽然这个句子有两个层次的从句，但是可以把原文的句子结构保留下来。全句译为:难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。
再看第65句。这是一个主从复合句。句子的框架是Until these issues are resolved，a technology of behavior will…and with it…。until引导时间状语从句。主句如果用肯定形式，那么，这个时间状语从句翻译时可译成“如果…不…”。在主句中，and又连接两个并列的分句。it指代“a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected”，即指研究行为的技术手段受排斥这件事。with it possibly the only way to solved our problems之后省略了相同的谓语will also continue to be rejected。a technology of behavior在这里译成“研究行为的技术手段”。理顺了它们之间的逻辑关系之后，按层次把该句译为:（如果）这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的惟一方式也可能随之继续受到排斥。
除了分析清楚各层次之间关系之外，句子翻译的另一要点是:不能断章取义。考研题的英译汉是让考生将一篇短文中的划线部分翻译出来，即断章翻译。然而，划线部分是整篇文章中的有机部分，和上下文连为一体。因此，翻译时尤其要注意划线部分中的代词所指代的内容，同时在译文中反映出来，做到准确完整。
请看第62句。这是一个主从复合句。句子的框架是The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because…and partly because…。两个partly because引导并列的原因状语从句。主句是The beha

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