二、作表语的-ING分词
Seeing is believing.
His aims are learning two foreign languages and applying the theory he has learned to practice.
三、-ING分词作动词宾语
1. 一类是动词或短语后边跟宾语的非限定性动词只能是-ING分词，如：acknowledge, admit(坦白，承认), advise, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, can't help, consider, contemplate(深思), delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape(躲过，避开), excuse, fancy, finish, give up, imagine, include, keep on, justify, mean(意味着，等于), mind(在乎), miss, postpone, practise, prohibit, put off, quit, recall, regret, resist, resume, risk(冒险干…), suggest, threaten。
5) By taking the back way he escaped .
［A］ to be seen ［B］ have been seen ［C］ seeing ［D］ being seen
6) I came late and missed Jack winning.
［A］ to see［B］ seeing［C］ see［D］ seen
7) "I see our boss coming down the hall."
"Then we'd better quit and get down to business."
［A］ talking［B］ to talk［C］ from talking［D］ having talk
8) The young doctor first ［A］ practised to use ［B］ the needles on ［C］ his own ［D］ wrist.
9) Some experts have advocated to bring ［A］ that country into ［B］ the talks, to revive the intermittent dialogue ［C］ that began ［D］ after the 1967 Middle East War.
2. 另一类动词后边作宾语的非限定性动词可以是-ING分词的动名词，也可以是动词不定式，如：attempt, begin, can't bear, cease, continue, deserve, endure, forget, go on, hate, intend, like, love, need, neglect, omit, plan, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start , stop, try等。(动词后接-ING和不定式时在用法上的区别在下一章讲)
10) "What's wrong with Henry?""He needs ."
［A］ cheer up［B］ to be cheer up［C］ cheering up［D］ to cheered up
11) Any such news would start her .
［A］ to worry［B］ worrying［C］ worry［D］ worried
3. -ING分词作宾语还有下一结构，即用it代表-ING分词，而把-ING分词短语放到句子的后边去
I consider it worthwhile spending ten thousand yuan on the furniture.／Marry fount it marvellous having a journey with him.
四、 -ING结构作介词的宾语
几乎所有介词，不管是单个介词还是介词词组，不管它们是谓语动词的组成部分与否，都能用-ING分词的动名词作其宾语。所以，-ING结构作介词宾语的时候很多。-ING结构一般作介词短语的宾语，主要有以下搭配关系
1. 动词＋介词＋ -ING
12) Scientists measure the hardness ［A］ of a material ［B］ by comparatively ［C］ with a table of ten well-known ［D］ metals.
13) Her mother did not ［A］ approve of her to go ［B］ to the party without dressing ［C］ formally ［D］ .
14) Although many women's colleges ［A］ have been coeducational ［B］ , other universities remain committed to keep ［C］ their facilities separate ［D］ .
15) We insist on you leave ［A］ the place before ［B］ any further ［C］ disturbances take place ［D］ .
2. 名词(形容词，不及物动词)＋介词to(不要把它视为动词不定式的标志)。下面是大纲中所列短语中的"to"为介词：(be) contrary to (与…相反),object(objection)to (反对), with a view to (为…起见)，(be) opposed to (反对)， in contrast to (与…成对比),be used to (习惯于), be exposed to, be dedicated to (致力于),resort to (诉诸于), as to (关于), be accustomed to (习惯于), be devoted to (献身于), be committed to (委身于), react to (对…反应), with regard to (关于), look forward to (期待), contribute to (贡献)，owe to由于，归功于等
16) I have no objection the evening with them.
［A］ to spend ［B］ to spending ［C］ to have spent ［D］ to have to spend
17) Why do you object to the direction?
［A］ following ［B］ follow ［C］ have follow ［D］ have been followed
18) Mr. Brown often wore ［A］ a heavy coat ［B］ because he was not used to live ［C］ in such a ［D］ cold climate.
19) Livy was the ［A］ only great historian of the time ［B］ , and he devoted his attention to give ［C］ the world splendid ［D］ pictures.
3. 动词＋副词＋介词＋ -ING
I look forward to her coming soon.
4. 形容词(或具有形容词性质的-ED分词)＋介词＋ -ING
I am proud of having such a son.
He is greatly honored of shaking hands with the President.
It's impossible for him finishing the task in such a short time.
He is interested in playing table tennis.
5. 表示征询意见的 "How about…?", "What…about?"
How about going there?
What about having a concert?
20) How about to the movies tonight?
［A］ going［B］ if go［C］ to go［D］ if we go
6. 前面省略了介词in的-ING惯用法
The two children are busy doing their homework.
Mr. Smith has difficulty fulfilling the task.
There is no use going over the lessons before the night of exam.
He has spent a lot of time preparing the exam for the postgraduate.
Xiao Li lost no time catching up with his classmates.
There is no point arguing with him.
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