初中英语语法:初中英语语法复习（8） 被 动 语 态

初中英语语法复习（9） 被 动 语 态

英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。

eg. We use a knife for cutting (主动句).

A knife is used for cutting (被动句)。

一、构成：be + 过去分词

eg. 1)The work is finished by him.

2)Chinese is spoken by people in China.

二、被动语态的时态

1.一般现在时：am/ is/ are + 过去分词

eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.

2.一般过去时：was/ were + 过去分词

eg. The machines were made in China.

3.一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+过去分词

eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.

4.现在完成时：have/ has been + 过去分词

eg. The work has been done by them.

5.现在进行时：am/ is/ are being + 过去分词。

eg. A new school is being built in our village.

6.过去进行时：was/ were being + 过去分词

eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.

综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化（即：be动词的各种时态）

另外注意以下几点：

1.含情态动词的被动语态：

can / may / must / should + be + 过去分词

eg. He may be sent away from school.

2.带动词不定式的被动语态

eg. My bike needs to be mended.

3.在使用被动语态时，如需要指出动作执行者时，应用“by + 动作的执行者(宾格)”

eg. He was called Mike by us

4.不及物动词无被动语态（take place/ happen ; last ; rise ; sink ; fall等）

eg. The accident was happened two days ago (改错) _________

5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时，在改作被动语态之后，应将省去的to还原。

eg.The boss made the workers work 12 hours.

→The workers were made to work 12 hours.

6.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓语动词若由v + prep / adv构成，变被动语态时，不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。

eg. We must take care of the baby.

→The baby must be taken care of.

练 习 题

( )1.This factory has been____ for two years

A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened

( )2.The light in the room ___ before you leave. A. must turn off B. will turn off

C. are turned off D. must be turned off

( )3.The young trees ____ planted in spring.

A. must B. have C. must be D. must are

( )4.Chinese ____ by Miss Wang three years ago. A. was taught B. is taught

C. was teached D. were teach

( )5.Young trees ___ quite often.

A. should water B. should be water

C. should be watered D. should have watered

( )6.English ___ by many people in the world

A. speaks B. speak C. are spoken D. is spoken

( )7.The old people ___ well in our country.

A. is looked after B. are looked after

C. looks after D. look for

( )8. Alice is ill. She ____ to hospital at once.

A. is sent B. must be sent

C. can send D. must send

( )9. The factory ____ in 1958.

A. was built B. is built

C. will be built D. built

( )10.Our teacher told us that the classroom _____ every day.

A. should be cleaned B. should cleaned

C. shall be cleaned D. must cleaned

( )11.Football ____ all over the world.

A. plays B. is playing

C. has played D. is played

( )12.____ silk ____ in Suzhou?

A. Is , produced B. Are, produced

C. Does, produce D. Was, produce

( )13.Much money ____ spent on books every year. A. have B. has C. are D. is

( )14.The students was made ______ the questions by the teacher.

A. answer B. to answer

C. answering D. answered

( )15.The sun ____ when we got there.

A. was risen B. has been risen

C. had risen D. is rising

( )16.The People’s Liberation Army was ____ August 1, 1927.

A. found in B. found on

C. founded on D. founded in

( )17.The oranges should be well ___ during the winter.

A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep

( )18. Many of the sheep ___ by the wolf狼).

A. was killed B. are killed

C. are killing D. were killed

( )19.Tape recorders____ in our English class

A. should use B. used

C. can be used D. are using

( )20. ____ English ____ in Canada?

A. Do, spoken B. Is , spoken

C. Are, spoken D. Does, speak

( )21.He ____ not to leave waster paper everywhere.

A. tells B. told C. was told D. has told

( )22.Who ____ “The Family”, “Spring” and “Autumn” ______?

A. was, written B. were, written

C. were, written by D. are. Written by

( )23.Look at the building! It ____ now.

A. is being built B. has been built

C. is building D. has built

( )24.Half of the work ____ before six.

A. can be done B. will do C. were done

( )25.We ____ stamps for sending letters.

A. are used B. use C. used

( )26.The Great Green Wall(绿色长城)___ in North China.

A. are built B. can be build C. was built

( )27.___ the farm ____ by the students ?

A. was, visited B. Is, visit C. Must, visit

( )28.The woman ____ by people in the waiting room.

A. was laughed B. was laughed at

C. laughed at

( )29. What ____ there?

A. happened B. is happened

C. must be happened

( )30.He was made ______for twelve hours.

A. to work B. work C. worked