副 词
adverb
简写：adv.
经过了前两周介词和冠词滴复习
这周我们主要来学习副词
副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念的词。
副词的分类：
地点副词.
方式副词.
程度副词.
疑问副词
连接副词
副词连用顺序：程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词
1) 时间和频度副词:
now,then,often,always,usually,today,early, lately,
next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,
soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly,
before, ago,sometimes, yesterday.
2) 地点副词:
here, there, everywhere, anywhere,
in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down,
back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs,
across, along, round , around, near,
off, past, up, away, on.
3) 方式副词:
carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally,
fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly
4) 程度副词:
much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite,
perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.
5) 疑问副词:
how, when, where, why.
6) 关系副词:
when, where, why.
7) 连接副词:
therefore,moreover,however,otherwise,then.
副词的用法
副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语
1.作状语
He works hard. 他工作努力。
You speak English quite well. 你英语讲的相当好。
Food here is hardly to get. 这儿很难弄到食物。
2.作表语
Is she in ? 她在家吗?
Let's be out. 让我们出去吧。
3.作补语
Let him out!让他出去！
副 词 的 位 置:
1.多数副词都可以放在动词的后面,如果动词带有宾语,副词就放在宾语后面
I get up early in the morning everyday. 我每天早早起床。
He gave me a gift yesterday. 他昨天给了我一件礼物。
She didn't drink water enough. 她没喝够水。
The train goes fast. 火车跑得快。
We can go to this school freely. 我们可以免费到这家学校学习。
They left a life hardly then. 当时他们的生活很艰难。
He has a new cat on today. 他今天戴了一顶新帽子。
I have seen this film twice with my friends. 这部电影我和朋友看过两次。
2.副词修饰形容词,副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面
It's rather easy, I can do it. 这很容易,我能做到。
He did it quite well. 他做得相当好。
It's rather difficult to tell who is right. 很难说谁是对的。
It's so important that I must tell my friends. 这件事太重要了，我得告诉我的朋友。
It's much better. 好多了。
3.频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面
I often help him these days. 这些日子我经常帮助他。
I always remember the day when I first came to this school. 我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。
You mustn't always help me. 你不能老是帮助我。
He seldom comes to see us. 他很少来看我们。
We usually go shopping once a week. 我们通常一周买一次东西。
The new students don't always go to dance. 新学生并不时常去跳舞。
4. 疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面
When do you study everyday? 你每天什么时间学习?
Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告诉我你如何做的吗?
First, let me ask you some questions. 先让我来问几个问题。
How much does this bike cost? 这辆车子多少钱？
Either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他来。
The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 当老师进教室时，学生们正在读书。
5. 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面时间副词在后面
We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday. 昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.
What were you doing in the classroom yesterday evening? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么？
The accident took place one hour ago in the Eleven Avenue. 一小时前十一号大街发生了一场事故。
副 词 的 比 较 等 级:
副词和形容词一样,也有它的比较级和最高级形式.
可以参考形容词的变换形式
以词尾 -ly 结尾的副词（除 early ）须用 more 和 most 。
hard harder hardest
fast faster fastest
early earlier earliest
much more most
warmly more warmly most warmly
单音节副词的比较级是在副词后面加上 -er 构成的，最高级是在副词后面加上 -est 构成的
near nearer nearest
hard harder hardest
多音节副词的比较级是在副词的前面加上 -more 构成的。 最高级是在副词前面加上 -most 构成的
warmlymore warmlymost warmly
successfullymore successfullymost successfully
有些副词的比较级和最高级形式是不规则的
well-better - best little - less - least
Much- more - most badly - worse - worst
far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)
副词的比较级和最高级用法同形容词的比较级用法基本一样
最高级形式句中 the 可以省略。
He works harder than I. 他比我工作努力。
Lucy gets up earlier than Lili. 露西比丽丽起床早。
He runs fastest in our class. 他在我们班跑地最快。
He dives deeper than his teammates. 他比他的队员潜水深。
It's true that he speak English more fluently than any of us. 他英语讲的确实比我们任何人都好。
Our school team play football best in our region. 我们校队在我们地区足球踢得最好的。
副词比较级和最高级的变化形式
这个其实与形容词基本上一样
举几个例子：
一般 副词
hard→harder →hardest
fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副词
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less(er) →least
注意：开放类副词即以后缀-ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er或-est，
比如说：
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly
early中的-ly不是后缀
故可以把y变i再加-er和-est
比较级和最高级的基本用法
下面我们结合练习来看看如何用
1.原级比较的基本用法
原级比较由“as＋形容词或副词(或再加名词或短语)＋as ”构成“原级相同”比较句，表示两者比较；
其否定式，即“程度不及”比较句型为“not so(as) ＋形容词或副词＋as”
而且as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰
习题1：Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .
A.to run for fifteen minutes B.running for fifteen minutes C.you run for fifteen minutes D.fifteen minute walking
选B
习题2-1：找出下面划线处那个是错的:
The gorilla，while not quite as curious than the chimpanzee，shows more persistence and memory retention in solving a problem.
很显然，than是错的，应该改为 as ，和前面的as和形容词原形curious 一起构成同程度比较
习题2-2：Alaska is twice as larger as the next largest state，Texas.
这里as larger 是错的，应该改为as large
“as (so)＋名词＋as＋名词”进行名词比较
这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词
但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语，应当用so而不用as
习题3：Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.
A.such B.more C.as D.than
选C
这个偶解释下：
动词rival(胜过、匹敌)前后是两个相比较的成分achievements(成果)和 contributions(贡献)，
由于前面的名词后出现了短语 as an architect，所以空白处也应该用as
这样使前后对比成分一致。
习题4： I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter.
A.that B.so C.this D.as
选B
2.比较级
比较级由“形容词(副词)比较级＋than＋…，”构成表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加…”
连词than后可接句子，
也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、?ing结构和ed结构，有时也可省去than。
习题5: Natural mica(云母) of a superior quality is cheapest to obtain than synthetic mica.
cheapest错误，应改为比较级cheaper
比较级后并不一定跟接连词than，
有时在其间有名词或名词短语(被形容词所修饰)，介词短语，不定式或其他成分隔开。
习题6：She is older than
A.any other girl in the group B.any girl in the group C.all girls in the group D.you and me as well as the group
选A
这个偶也解释下：
“She”作为单个不能跟全组比(C和D不对)，
也不能跟全组所有相比，
因为“她”也是其中一员，所以“她”不能跟自己相比
这里“She”比较的是“这组中的任何一个”，所以说A是对滴。
习题7： Josephine McCrackin joined the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and， until her death fifteen years late ， remained active in journalistic work.
这里比较明显了
late是错的，应该是比较级later，因为这里实际上是和1905年相比晚了15年，所以要使用比较级
注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致
习题8：The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .
A.ours B.with us C.for ours it had D.it did for us
习题9：Sound travels air .
A.faster through water than through B.faster than through water and
C.through water faster and D.where it is faster through water than through
习题9：Gerbrand von den Feckhout, one of Rembrand's pupils, followed the style of his teacher so implicitly that his paintings are sometimes confused with his master .
划线的地方是错的，应该改为his master's
3.最高级
最高级用于三者以上比较，形容词的结构形式是“定冠词＋形容词最高级＋名词＋表示范围的短语或从句”
(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等)
习题11：The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.
划线的地方错误，应该改为most
习题12：Of all economic problems,inflation continues to be a most significant in its daily impact on people and business.
划线处错误，应该改为the
significant是多音节形容词，在此处应用最高级形式(在前面加 the most)，注意句中的“of all… ”。
习题13： ,the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.
A.All the activities B.The activities C.Of all the activities D.It is the activities
解释下下：
这个句子空白处缺状语
但是A和B都是名词短语，所以不符合条件；
D是句子，而且和空白后面的句子没有任何联系，所以也不能选。
那么，就只有C正确，而且它和后面的最高级the most familiar前后呼应。
副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级可以不用定冠词the
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