中考英语语法:中考英语句型转换解题指导

句型转换这一题型是先给出一个句子，然后再给出一个包含几个空白处的句子，要求根据括号内的具体要求在第二句的空白处填入适当的词来完成。它有完全的句式转换和句子中某一部分或几部分的转换。该题型主要考查同学们的语言基础知识及句子结构的构成、变化、运用等。其特点是规律性强、灵活性小，旨在考查考生用不同的句型结构来表达相同、相近或相反的语意的能力，训练灵活运用语言的技巧。

从题型上看，句型转换可分为两大类：
一是按要求改写句子。即按照指定要求将原句改写成其他形式的句子，如肯定句改为否定句，陈述句改为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句、感叹句，对划线部分提问等。
另一类是同义句、近义句的转换，即要求用不同的句型，不同的语言手段表达相同的思想。

按要求改写句子
按要求改写句子的具体分类如下：
一、肯定句改为否定句
1. 改变谓语结构
在系动词be, become, feel, smell等，助动词be, have, do 等以及情态动词can, may, should等后加not。如果句子的谓语中不是以上这些词，而是行为动词，则相应地将动词的原形，第三人称单数或过去式变为否定形式。如：
He has seen the film before.
→He hasn't seen the film before.
He will write the book in two months.
→He won't write the book in two months.
He does his homework in the evening.
→He doesn't do his homework in the evening.

2. 用含否定意义的词（如never, nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few等）。
（1）always/ever →never, and →or。如：
He was always late for school last term.
→He was never late for school last term.
（2）too→not…either, already→not…yet。如：
He goes to school by bike, too.
→He doesn't go to school by bike, either.
（3）all→none, both→neither, both…and →neither…nor，此时，谓语动词仍用肯定形式，但当neither作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；"neither …nor…"连接两个主语时，谓语动词应和靠近它的主语保持一致。如：
He knows all of the workers here.
→He knows none of the workers here.
Both of the twins are from England.
→Neither of the twins is from England.

3. 当think, believe, suppose等动词后面跟宾语从句时，通常用否定主句的谓语动词来达到否定从句谓语动词的目的。如：
I think they can come tonight.
→I don't think they can come tonight.

二、陈述句改为疑问句
1. 一般疑问句。
Sam often does his homework in the evening.
→Does Sam do his homework in the evening?

2. 特殊疑问句。
I got there the day before yesterday.
→When did you get there?

3. 反意疑问句。
Mary doesn't work hard.
→Mary doesn't work hard, does she?
注意：Let's和Let us祈使句的附加问句分别为shall we 和will you。如：
Let"s go out for a walk, shall we?

三、陈述句改为感叹句
The film is very interesting.
→How interesting the film is!
It"s a beautiful flower.
→What a beautiful flower it is!
一般情况下，what引导的感叹句和how引导的感叹句可相互转换。如：
How nice the watch is! →What a nice watch it is!

四、对划线部分提问
就划线部分提问，是用一个合适的疑问词去替代句中的某一成分，使之成为一个特殊问句。其方法主要是：先依据语意选择相应的疑问词和疑问句语序，句末改用问号。这时我们要注意以下几点：
（1）选择恰当的疑问词。
（2）对主语或主语的定语提问时，用陈述句语序。对定语提问时，所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。
（3）对其它成分提问，用"疑问词＋一般疑问句"语序。如：
My grandpa has been in Shanxi for ten years.
→Who has been in Shanxi for ten years?
Lily's dog has lost.
→Whose dog has lost?
Emma bought one dictionary yesterday.
→How many dictionaries did Emma buy yesterday?

句型转换设题广，部分试题难度较大，这就要求同学们有扎实的语言基本功和熟练的解题技巧。
对于按要求改写句子的试题：首先应注意"要求"的内容；二是要注意选词的准确；三是要注意各种句型的特殊点；四是要注意大小写和拼写的正确。如：
1. The maths problem is too difficult for him to work out. （改为复合句）
The maths problem is ______ difficult _____ he can't work it out.
2. The surfers both won first prize in the city surfing competition. （改为否定句）
_____ ______ the surfers won first prize in the city surfing competition.
3. I think the fastest way to travel is by plane. （改为特殊疑问句）
____ do you think the fastest way to travel ______?
4. Miss Li showed us a picture of the feathered dinosaur. （改为被动语态）
We _____ ______ a picture of the feathered dinosaur by Miss Li.
答案与简析：
1. too…to…（太……而不能……）＝so …that …not （如此……以致……不……），所以，应该填so, that。
2. 从转换后的句式中没有明确的否定词not可知不能用助动词加not的形式来完成。再根据both的反义词是neither，主语又是the surfers，因此应填Neither of。
3. 本题实际上是对"by plane"提问，改换后的句子只是缺少了"is by plane"，因此，该将"by plane"改为"what"，后一个空用"is"。
4. 由showed确定要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were shown/showed。